Comment on how Baz Luhrmann uses video Essay

â€Å"Romeo and Juliet,† is a play written by William Shakespeare in the late sixteenth century â€Å"in fair Verona. † This is an ultimate love story between the only children of two powerful enemies â€Å", both alike in dignity†¦ † These two households bear an â€Å"ancient grudge. † Within this hate â€Å"Romeo and Juliet’s† love cannot survive, and they are driven by this hate to death. From this 1595 classic play, Baz Luhrmann got the job of wielding it in to a twentieth centaury blockbuster. He did this by using many different techniques, and even though he keeps the original dialogue, he changes many classic features of the play to give this modern feel to it. Such as horses to cars, Swords to guns and villages to cities are several examples. As the film starts, the opening shot is of a modern day television. It is shown speaking as a newsreader, speaking as a chorus would on stage, giving background knowledge to the audience watching. This television reflects Luhrmann’s modern setting, showing how the film will be set, rather than the one in which the written play was set. The TV represents the media, as our main source of information. Just as the chorus would be, stood on stage, addressing the audience, giving them required information. The headline upon the TV reads â€Å", Star-crossed lovers,† and above a picture of a ring split in two, showing both the themes of love and hate. How the pair had love enough to marry, though within their families there was hate enough to drive the couple to take their lives. Their love was doomed to die, the ring shows how they could not be together as reflected in one of the chorus’ lines â€Å", death marked love. † One extremely short though effective camera shot, zooms down the middle of a main street, with many high raised buildings, until focusing upon a large statue of Christ. Showing that religion will play some part within the play/film. Here loud dramatic music kicks in. This music tells us that the play is going to be very powerful and dramatic. The chorus’s first line appears white upon black, â€Å"in fair Verona. † White and black are usually associated with good and bad. Showing two main features of the film. Again the image of Christ’s face appears, a close up camera shot, recoiling to show two large skyscrapers dominating the skyline. Each bearing separate names, Montague and Capulet, showing the large gap between them, they are different. The sheer size of the buildings tells us they are wealthy families, but separate. The statue of Christ is stood in the middle, showing again the religious society in which the film is set. Still with the dramatic music playing building up aura, images of police vehicles- cars and helicopters burn across the screen. Quick images. Images of conflict, linking the families with violence and ultimately the law. The music quietens, though still strong and menacing, as a voice over man speaks the same lines as already spoken by the ‘chorus. ‘ Now the images are shown slower, â€Å"two households both alike in dignity†¦ † showing the two families, again separated by Jesus, sour looks upon the head’s faces; hate and malcontent, though smiles upon the children’s; happy, contented faces, with no worries. Leading on to images of flames, representing hell, hatred and death. Headlines of newspapers flash upon the screen, linking again with the theme of the media and the modern setting. Showing there must be public interest in the growing feud between the two families, and again highlighting the conflict between the two families. Extremely short images are shown of police helping civilians escape the troubles caused by this abhorrence between the Montague’s and the Capulet’s. The music had died down up until the point of â€Å"take their life,† where it picks up again adding atmosphere and letting the audience know there is great tragedy within the film. Another modern technique is then used. Just as characters on television programs are introduced or how western wanted posters are displayed, some of the main characters are initiated. These images build great suspense though shows a building power within the play/film. Two important images from later on in the film flash upon the screen, though they are very insignificant at this point, just adding suspense and wonder at this early stage. The music reaches a peek as the now familiar words of the prologue flash upon the screen. The words white on black, suspense, power, the words showing love, lust, hatred and tragedy. Followed by random images shooting across the screen, fireworks, choir boys singing in a loud wild fashion. Guns, characters, light and dark images showing good and evil. Loud bangs of gunshots, police helicopters, blood, raging images demonstrating excitement and apprehension to the audience. Now with the music at a climax, the words in bold print of â€Å"Romeo + Juliet† linger upon the screen. The â€Å"+† in blood red symbolising bloodshed and conflict, it is also shaped like a cross, to continue the religious theme of the film. The words are white upon black, illustrating good and evil. Here the music changes and a bouncier, more funky, modern tune kicks in as â€Å"the boys† come on to the screen. These three wear brightly coloured shirts- reds and lime greens, indicating good and ‘to me’ fun. Though with the first line spoken you realise the Montague boys hate the Capulet’s. â€Å"The boys† are presented whizzing down a highway in an expensive looking yellow convertible, again suggesting warmth and fun. They are cool, with open shirts, brightly coloured hair, shades on heads and tattoos over their bodies. They are excitable, casual and looking at them they would not pose any threat. The car has a personalised number plate, â€Å"Mon-005, Verona beach† again showing wealth. The camera shot is at the front of the car as it comes in to the gas station, here there is a sound of screeching tyres, the piping of horns and basically excitable boyish behaviour. â€Å"Benvolio- Romeos cousin† does not come across as uncompromising, he tries to detach himself from the quarrel between the two families â€Å"masters. † Where as the other two â€Å"Montague boys† are very eager and want to be involved this is sown in their faces as a face close up is shown. Here Benvolio turns and another facial close up is shown, his face twisted almost looking in disgust as he turns and walks away. Here the camera turns moving across to another pump as an expensive looking blue car pulls calmly in to the station. Blue suggesting coldness and the slow speed suggests that the driver is not excitable like the Montague boys but serious. The music suddenly changes from hip to a western style tune as another personalised number plate is shown † Cap-005, Verona beach. † The camera is swung around with a whooping sound and rests upon a close up of the bottom of the car door opening and a pair of western style cowboy boots stepping from the car. Here the frame freezes on the boot touching the ground, Cooley and calmly and in this freeze frame he displays the words â€Å"The Capulet boys† with western style music playing to continue the western style theme. The boots walk away through a door the sound of spurs following, tension building as the camera shot moves again from the western boots to shoes and tights and the giggling of little girls over the western music. Leading back to more dark cowboy boots with spurs. The shoes belong to a Nun with a class of children and each side of their people carries resides a car of each of the two families. The two families torment the nun and her party in a very cocky sort of manor, exceptionally intimidating. So as the nun and her party speeds away to escape further torment, the two families are revealed to each other for the first time. The fun and idiocy of the Montague’s turns to fear, as â€Å"Abra-Capulet† is revealed. Here another facial close-up is shown. Abra wears dark menacing colours (oranges, blacks and reds- colours associated with hell. ) He has a goatee beard an earring and a silver chain with cross hanging around his neck. He has the look of a typical gunslinger, someone who could be extremely dangerous. The music is now changed, as a more electric tune plays more menacing and threatening than before, highlighting the danger of this man. Fear is shown in the Montague’s faces, shocked by the appearance of a known enemy. This man alarms them and with this abrupt entrance one of the boys makes a quick movement to reveal the butt of his pistol. A fast frightened movement, followed by the facial shot of a frightened face and the sound of a reluctant gasp, signifying the fear and tension between the two families. Here there is a shot of the face of Abra moving down his body and showing the slow movements of his hands to reveal the butt of his own pistol, engraved with the word Capulet, just as the Montague’s gun was engraved with the word Montague, reflecting wealth yet again. The movements are menacingly slow, so calm and cool. Then suddenly a loud hissing sound like a serpent as Abra snarls revealing the word sin engraved on a silver plaque on his teeth. The camera is at a straight close up angle. The shot is both threatening and frightening. Here all the sounds stop as the Montague’s sink back in to the car relieved that no harm has come to them. Though the Capulet’s are amused by the impression they have made upon the Montague’s and laugh profusely showing they do not feel threatened at all by their presence but take them more as a joke than any thing else. The Montague’s took this wind up a little too lightly and decide to make a second move. Here one of the Montague’s bites their thumb at the Capulet’s. This is shown as a close up with a silly sound coming from the mouth of the offending Montague. Now there is anger and hate starting to show as the montages reverse the car, with the noise of screeching tyres, and the sound of a quick furious sounding, loud blast of music showing anger. The caplets sling loud though slow angry words at the Montages who return fast frightened words trying to calm the situation. Though as the camera shot goes to the toilet door, the quick shocking music picks up again and Benvolio appears-an image of a peace maker leading to a close up of Benvolio’s gun with a change back to western music. Here with gun drawn, a close up of Benvolio’s apprehensive face fills the screen and silence falls. Here only the sound of an old creaky sign is heard blowing in the wind, un-nerving Benvolio further and continuing the western theme. The camera swizzles around to an image of a close up cigar being lit and a match being dropped to the ground by â€Å"Tybalt-the prince of cats. Juliet’s cousin† Landing close to his feet, though still burning. The music playing slowly and quietly, adding tension and atmosphere. Now there is a major close up of tybalts face. He has the look of the devil, slick black hair with tiny matching beard. He has pointed teeth that only a close up would enable us to see properly. He wears the colours of the devil, Reds and blacks showing hate, fire, torment and death. Also his face shows no fear, no feelings but pure untamed hate. He is just so slick and calm and as he speaks, there is a close up on his eyes. These ooze confidence and hold great hate and rage towards the Montague’s. The camera then focuses on Benvolio’s eyes, which are the complete opposite to Tybalt’s. His eyes show a great fear of the other man, apprehension. All adding tension to the opening scene. On a half of body shot, Benvolio is seen putting away his sword (which in this 1997 film s actually a gun,) and in an effort tries to avoid conflict by stating â€Å"I do only to keep the peace put up my sword. † His voice shaky in the eerie silence. Then another facial close up on Tybalt, as he says, â€Å"Peace, peace, I hate the word. As I hate hell. All Montague’s. And thee. † With no quivers only confidence and raw hate. The burning match is finally stamped out with the sound of the metal healed boots grinding at the concrete ground. This long gap between lighting the match and putting it out shows a great danger. This man means something; he alone stands for power and danger. Now a small boy, symbolising innocent bystanders at the market place, interrupts the silence. The boy just playing, shouting â€Å"bang, bang† triggering the attack. Tybalt draws, the music screeching. The shot looking up the barrel of tybalt’s gun as the word â€Å"bang† is said again. Showing he is willing to harm fellow citizens if need be. Now there is a range of many different camera shots, with electric music playing in the background. Tybalt does a lot of flamenco style movements, flowing, professional movements, as though he was fluent and skilled in the art. Very dramatic and serious movements, with no fear of being harmed. The Montague’s begin to try to fight back, though not really succeeding. They are frightened; you can see it in their eyes. Tybalt moves almost fashionably, where as the Montague’s don’t really know what to do. They shoot, showing no passion or drive. Unlike Tybalt who shows both. Tybalt is calling the shots, and in a swift movement he throws down his coat and fits an aiming device. Kissing his gun with a loving passion. People are running, frightened. The Montague’s flee, leaving Benvolio and Tybalt in the petrol station. Music still flaring giving added depth to the scene, petrol covering the ground. Tybalt zooms on to one of the fleeing Montague’s, taking the shot, and injuring him. The camera looking down the guns barrel as the shot is fired, pointing into Tybalts eyes. With a flickering smile he drops the cigar from his mouth, landing in a pool of petrol and igniting it immediately, which during the whole scene showed how contented he was with conflict. Here Benvolio flees with Tybalt in pursuit. The flames escalate, symbolising the devastation to come. The flames show hate and anger. Every body around is affected by the fighting as symbolised by the flames. Affecting people’s livelihoods, every body is effected by these civil brawls. There is very dramatic music playing now, escalating the feeling of hate and friction between the two families. A poster is shown burning, once stating â€Å"Montague’s and Capulet’s 2nd civil brawl. † This shows that it is over; hate has ended that, and born a third brawl, more powerful than the previous ones. A sign is also shown burning, â€Å"Add more fuel to your fire. † Showing that the public are affected, and that hate is the road to all evil’s, symbolising the devil and hell. The camera follows the flames upwards showing things will get worse, still with the music blasting. It moves up and through the smoke screen, the two houses can be seen dominating the skyline, with the image of Jesus between them. Still looking extravagant and wealthy after the brawl. Nothings really changed. The fire is burning as strong as their hate, causing public panic and confusion. Now short images are shown of police helicopters and vehicles flying between and around the towers and statue. The music still blearing. Shots are shown from alternate angles showing news reporters reporting the third civil brawl, again linking with the media. Ted Montague (the father-head of the house) rushes to the scene in his limo with registration plate being â€Å"Montague, Verona beach. † Again representing wealth and power. Once more fast flickering shots are shown of the fleeing public, panic stricken, confused. Police swarming to the scene in different kinds of vehicles now, and here with the music breaching a climax the shots slow down and return to facial close-ups. Tybalt and Benvolio are screaming at each other hate in their eyes, with no more fear left in Benvolio’s body only hate. Cars spread upon the road, utter havoc breached by the two feuding enemies. Guns are pointed at the couple from air and ground. They have no choice but to both walk forward and admit defeat, dropping their weapons to the ground. There is no music now just a loud ‘boom’ as the weapons fall. Adrenalin at an ultimate climax for anybody watching. The range of shots along with the series of different sounds and music create an unforgettable opening, showing many of the different themes and aspects of the play/film to anybody watching.

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Brand audit assignment - Essay Example During this time, Cosmopolitan started to become more of a literary magazine, with the introduction of serial fiction and book reviews being published in the magazine for the first time. During this time, Walker not only managed to triple the magazines subscriptions, he also provided the magazine with a general direction that was continued when in 1889 John Brisben Walker purchased the magazine. During this time, top writers such as Rudyard Kipling, Ambrose Bierce, Jack London and Theodore Dreiser began writing for the Cosmopolitan regularly and it became one of America’s leading literary magazines. From the early 20th century to the 1940’s, the magazine continued to grow in nationwide circulations and became a full-fledged self proclaimed â€Å"Four book magazine†, publishing a combination of a novella, six to eight short stories, serials, six to eight articles and assorted features. However, during the late 1950’s the magazine began to lose some of its l oyal readership when the paperback and television started to become household commodities and took the focus off magazines. The Birth of the â€Å"Cosmo Girl† It was only in the 60’s that drastic change ensued and the magazine started out on its journey to become what it is today: a leading magazine catering to the â€Å"fun, fearless woman† of today who seeks information and advice about sex, relationships, fashion and their well-being. The magazine as it is today was reshaped at a point when it had become a general interest magazine, with rapidly declining profits and mass market appeal. At the time this change happened, American society on the whole was going through a phase of tentative change, women all over the country were beginning to realize the power of their own femininity and were beginning to explore the limits of their own sexuality. The predominantly male oriented society was becoming more open to freedom of thought and speech and women were start ing to look at avenues of work that were previously dominated by males. During that time, Helen Gurley Brown, a newly married copywriter, wrote a fictional account of a single girl who was living the kind of new and exciting life that women of that age wanted to live, a life where they had the freedom to do whatever they pleased and be happy without a stable man or relationship in their life. This new book, â€Å"Sex and the Single Girl† encouraged women to enjoy their sexuality without guilt, a topic which interested the woman of the 60’s so much that the book became an instant best-seller (Benjamin, J., 2009). The success of the book, and the frenzy of thank you notes from women who wanted further advice on their personal issues gave Helen Gurley Brown the idea of creating her own magazine which would allow her to address these women directly and give them advice about their personal issues regarding sex, relationships and health. This idea lead her to the Hearst Cor poration’s aging â€Å"general interest† magazine for Men and Women, The Cosmopolitan. The owners of the magazine were already planning to close it down and gave her the reigns to try out her new format in the hopes that she could breathe new life into the magazines declining circulation. This decision proved to be a remarkably apt one as the magazine’

Legal Risks of Nurses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Legal Risks of Nurses - Essay Example After the death of Mr. Ard, Mrs. Ard presented a case in the court of law against East Jefferson General Hospital. The Ard v. East Jefferson General hospital case comprised of critical information and a well detailed account of events. The case involves Mr. Ard, a patient in the East Jefferson, his wife Mrs. Ard and the Jefferson hospital. Mr. Ard fell sick and was taken to the Jefferson hospital for quick recovery and appropriate medical care. After a five-vessel coronary surgery, the medical experts transferred Mr. Ard to the intensive care unit due to his long stay in the hospital’s recovery room. Later after two days, he had a respiratory failure, and he was taken to the critical care unit. On May 20, 1984, nurses and physicians did not respond in time when Mrs. Ard called for medical assistance from the medical experts after realizing that Mr. Ard was struggling to breath. They later responded after about an hour and 15 minutes time when the patient had ceased breathing and called a code. The assigned nurse also failed to take swallowing assessment on the patient. The patient failed to regain his consciousness and died from cardiac arrest and respiratory failure after two days. After his death, Mrs. Ard presented a case in the court of law against the East Jefferson General hospital for their failure to give proper attention to his sick husband. The district court accepted the case against the hospital and provided a ruling. However, the hospital appealed the case (Pozgar, 2012) According to the testimony of Mrs. Ard, his husband began experiencing a shortage of breath and a feeling of nauseous. After she had rang the bell for assistance from the hospital nurses or physicians, there was a no respond for a period of one hour fifteen minutes. This period or no response caused a great harm to Mr. Ard’s health. Secondly, Krebs revealed that the nurse responsible for

Participation of Juveniles in Deviant Behavior Essay Example for Free

Participation of Juveniles in Deviant Behavior Essay From the very dawn of the formation of civil communities, some types of behavior had been classified as unlawful and had been discouraged. Even the earliest legislations had inflicted punishment for infringement of the extant laws, in wider interests of their society. This practice has continued to this day and it is common knowledge as to what does or does not constitute unacceptable or deviant behavior. Deviance has been described as the breach of the cultural standards and one such instance is crime. An important subset of crime is juvenile delinquency or crimes committed by juveniles. Juvenile deviant behavior occurs due to a number of causes and some of these are a disturbed home environment, difficulty in adjusting to the school environment that results in discontinuing school and in poor academic performance and associating with immoral persons. Traditionally, the perspective of criminology has been restricted to the contravention of laws laid down by society. On the other hand, research in the context of deviancy has adopted a much wider perspective and labels any abnormality that is socially prohibited as being deviant. Accordingly, the use of obscenities in speech, mingling with antisocial element and alcoholism constitute deviant behavior. In other words, the sociological approach to deviance encompasses the restricted perspective of traditional criminology (Deviant Behaviour , 1994). The various steps that culminate in the establishment of deviant identity are ignominy, social rejection, and membership of a subculture that is deviant and assumption of a deviant role. The assumption is that social processes act in such a manner that the individual is compelled to assume a deviant role, because of the exclusion of the more conventional positions. The result of the adoption of such a deviant role is that the individual may become a member of a deviant subculture and may eventually adorn the role of permanent deviancy (Deviant Behaviour , 1994). Some of the major causes for socially deviant behavior amongst juveniles have been identified, by researchers, as childhood abuse, neglect and trauma. The abuse of narcotic substances has been considered to be the root cause of trauma in juveniles and most of the juveniles in detention were either addicted to drugs or had been addicted to drugs prior to incarceration. Furthermore, poverty has been found to be closely associated with violent crime and homicide. It was observed in many ghettos in the US that the crime rate was on the increase wherever there was economic deprivation, whereas there was a reduction in crime rates in areas located outside these ghettos (Blank, 1997. P. 47). It had been opined by the chief of the child development and behavior branch of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development or the NIH that crime, pregnancy amongst teenagers, discontinuation of school and substandard academic performance were caused by the lack of adequate reading skills. Moreover, various research projects that had been conducted in the past, had established that a dearth of reading skills had a direct bearing on the proliferation of juvenile delinquency (Hodges, Giuliotti, Porpotage, 1994). In 1951, a survey conducted by Melvin Roman, revealed that approximately eighty  ¬Ã¢â‚¬â€œ five percent of those who were receiving treatment in the clinic attached to the New York City Children’s Court, had impaired reading skills. It was also stated by many authorities that detained juveniles were invariably characterized by academic achievement that was unsatisfactory (Hodges, Giuliotti, Porpotage, 1994). Economic deprivation produces a variety of deviant behavior in juveniles, who fall victim to anger, apathy, ignorance and desperation. Ignorance prevents juveniles from taking advantage of the education system to obtain skills that could prove to be adequately remunerative and this in turn results in discontinuation of schooling. Moreover, some of these juveniles might have parents who indulge in the abuse of drugs and this could embolden them to undertake risks that could prove fatal, in order to experience pleasure for a small duration of time.

Consumer Oriented Market Positioning Marketing Essay

Consumer Oriented Market Positioning Marketing Essay Dictionary meaning of Positioning is an act of putting something in some ones mind and in market we put our product in prospects mind. A very simple term and if you are good enough it is simple to execute but the art is hard to develop. It is the process by which marketers grab a position or built a position in target audience for its product, brand or organization. In this consumer oriented market Positioning is a tool to cut down the noise and establish a real contact with the customer who results in customers opting for your product rather than your competition. As todays customer is overwhelmed with unwanted promotion and advertising it becomes very tough for a product or brand to get noticed and after being noticed an urge to get opted as a first preference in target customers. Its all about mindshare you hold in prospects intellect, better you position yourself greater you achieve what is called as coveted mind share. A product or brand should always try to have an aggregate perception which is higher than that of its competitor and those who dont have that kind of percentage should not lose hope as they can very well influence the perception and position their brand through enlightened strategic alliance. Its an ongoing process and doesnt stops at one place because you may get forgotten by your audience so repositioning is needed or if there is any shift in your business for example Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley shifted from investment to commercial banks hence their expectations from investors, clients, employees and regulators all need to shift as per the paradigm and hence the organization needs to reposition itself. Primary elements of Positioning are: Quality. Quality is a pre -requisite, it has to be provided by any means and later should be backed by incentives. Back your quality claim with return policy warrantees and customer-friendly guarantees. Service. Added value in customer service and after sales supports and if the product is customized and personalized. Pricing. Whether is it luxury, averagely priced or cheap in its sector or very cheap. Distribution. The channel or distribution and supply chain is part of positioning. Packaging. Packaging helps in delivering the message you intend for prospect. Positioning can be distinguished by: Functional-Solve problems and provide benefits to customers. Symbolic-self image enhancement, ego identification, affective fulfilment and social meaningfulness Experiential-Sensory stimulation and cognitive stimulation What makes this market full of surprises and unquestioned answers that there is no certain way to be a leader in the market .Not even high level of marketing acumen of the company assures success and even while trying positioning, companies end up somewhere else in prospects mind and not the place where they intended. CURRENT MARKET SCENARIO OF SMART PHONES IN INDIA: Mumbai based Gartners research analyst say that smart phones are on the rise and with introduction of new phones in new software, better applications, features and reliable hardware has made it challenging for already established brands in different parts of the market. With the record annual growth of 30% for next five year it is very vital not only for smart phone vendors but also for operators, and OS developers. India being the 3rd largest market of smart phones after China and Brazil is seeing an intense struggle between various handset providers like Nokia, Samsung, LG, Black Berry, etc. with their tie-ups with different service providers and operators as well as focusing on the software platforms like iPhone OS, BlackBerry OS, Windows Mobile, Android, Symbian and Palms. In 2009 India witnessed sales of 69 million smart phone handsets, doubling from the 32 million mark reached in 2008. As far as global market is concerned ,Mr. Carolina Milanesi, research vice president at Gartner, mentioned that this year saw RIM, a pure smart phone maker making its debut in top 5 mobile devices manufacturers, as well as there was increase its market share of Apple by 1.2 percent points. Android-based phones saw a peak rise of 700 per cent year-on-year which is proving to be a threat to other smart phone makers Mobile devices market is seeing a double-digit growth of smart phone sales in mature markets, and helped by wider product availability as well as mass market price tags that are in budget of average income group. And particularly in India white -box products has shown growth as per expectation of the manufacturers with healthy traits in future. http://dqindia.ciol.com/images010/smartphones02_15aug2k10.jpg If all the Smartphone manufacturers are combined together they share total of 75% of the Smartphone market alone in India and rest 25 % is shared by smaller or followers in the market and the presence is hence insignificant comparatively. So in this year if we refer to the record in India more than 18 percent of the phones sold are Smartphone. [Supposed+mobile+data+market.gif] Trend in sales of Smart phones in India is firstly sales start with the early adopters in the beginning as shown at the right, and then as prices drop everyone switches to Smartphones replacing there old phones as they have limited features. In India target segmentation is done on various factors but researchers are also considering or rather already have segmented their target consumers into 3 types i.e. Entertainment users, Communications users and Information users. Now it has been observed that in these segments people pay more or extra for great solutions if their needs are matched in a particular segment. Many failures in mobile market are due to either focussing at a single specific problem or feature or by disrupting the whole package by adding all of it. Now the numbers of Smartphone are to be doubled by FY11 and this boom is there for upcoming years .Emergence of Smartphones was more in the form of service device rather than just another application based model which was the earlier trend shown by the OEMs. RIM blackberry services saw some mass adoption whereas OVI apps tried to create the same magic but performed average. Despite the variety Symbian has still the monopoly with 72%share in Indian market followed by windows, android and blackberry OS but in upcoming future trend Symbian may lose its market share to its competitors. POSITIONING OF BLACKBERRY SMARTPHONES IN INDIAN MARKET: In this dog-eat-dog world, positioning a brand is the biggest priority for a product or brand. Creating awareness and then fetching that special place for your brand in the consumers mind will be the key in determining the fate of the brand and if brand is becoming a l success or fading away to obscurity and especially in India, Blackberry has done some extensive research as it is one of the fastest growing telecom markets and within high competition has managed to take up a prestigious position settling just after Nokia in market share. Blackberry is following a simple rule of combining product and service benefits at a fair price that creates value in the minds of customers   which is the key variable for the success in handheld device market. And in the current climate of new entrants in this particular sector and ever increasing competition with very less differentiation among service-product offerings, these manufacturing companies are facing problem in clear communication what makes their offerings special better than those provided by the competitors. Value Proposition: Features that makes BlackBerry stand apart from rest of the players and clearly stating that quality is inevitable supported by Innovative design and iconic styling that blends optimum display and weight length ratio without compromising ease of use that users expect from their BlackBerry Unrivalled Connectivity with BB messenger application GSM/EDGE/ CDMA warranties and after sales service Built in GPS Engine Rich Internet and Multimedia Experience Full Page Internet Browsing Including support for streaming audio and video. Instant Messaging support for multiple communities including Yahoo!, Messenger, GoogleTalk Social networking communities including FaceBook, Flickr, Picasa On 25 Sep 2008, number of BlackBerry subscribers reached to approximately 19 million all over the world and the figures in India over these years are so high that they cannot be overlooked because company was able t identify customers requirement of accessing internet specifically emails and social networks on the move . In start BlackBerry placed itself in minds of corporate executives who are always on the run and with addition of social networking cites and various online applications, brand provided interfaces which also attracted youngsters out of the corporate outlook. Biggest eye-catching proposition flaunted by BlackBerry Smartphones was the idea of remaining connected at all times. So the first grand step was to position itself as an business executive handheld device which in turn helped in carving out niche for the brand without giving a head on collision with any of its top competitors which was the smartest move of all Hence BlackBerry became the Corporate Executive phone which was comparatively less famous in youngsters initially. Now the second way was to enter into non-corporate world of handheld devices where even the uncorporate wanted to be in connection or online with their friends and family all the time .And they came up with an excellent promotion stating as We are the BlackBerry boys which not only included suited up corporate but also baby boomers ,women of every age and cross cultural personnels who all enjoy using blackberry as they are in continuous synch with their work as well as connected to family and friends at the same time. Absolutely brilliant advertising with the pinch of great music and excellent humour banging right on the message brand wants to spread to the target consumers. Now the song We are the blackberry boys has been trending into minds of youngsters and BlackBerry lovers. It has left same effect on mass as Vodafone Zoo Zoos had done it during IPL. Blackberry first with the Pearl and Bold and now with the Storm and Torch is attempting a change in positioning and moving more towards the Lifestyle segment space. This can prove counterproductive for the company because it directly placing itself to its other bigger competitors and directly taking a head on collision in competition with Nokia, LG, Samsung and Apple I phone. In fact the handheld Smartphone models are being actively compared to models of other competitor for example Samsung galaxy, Apple iPhone and Nokia E series. But the real fight is between Apple and BlackBerry for capturing the lifestyle segment and taking the position of that perception in prospect customers. Now inspired by the advantage of continuous connectivity even if the operators are non functional has allowed along with the host many other manufacturing brands to enter with different applications in order to attract market audience and the argument is on offering of similar features (connectivity) along with a host of other value adding features by the other.. Now these were all physical features of Blackberry and the physical presence always lead to the cognitive, physical cues which in turn act as hints for the mind to form interpretations or in other words positions itself as a highly technical ,functional and great to use device. So far I personally believe Blackberry could strategy of positioning is slick and feature laden but in order to expand market the company tried to play with the emotional proposition saying: Do what you love and love what you do Now this tagline covers all the market sector a handheld manufacturing company wants to because everyone loves to do something and even if they BlackBerry its always a non-boring, happy and lovable moments during work hours. It emphasizes on the idea no matter how hard you do something as long as you love to do it and you have a Blackberry with you ,you will do it right. In one of the advertisements an Asian guy is on his bicycle roaming around seems like a courier guy and uses BlackBerry Torch but he is not a normal courier guy ,he is the current president of SanFrancisco Bike messenger association who is very busy in his work and BlackBerry helps him to be in contact with his family and friends ,manage his work, Blackberry GPS helps him on unknown roads and ways and in the end he loves what he does. Now this leaves a very big message in mind of prospect even if you are a leader an entrepreneur in your small world, business or community you need a blackberry support because even BlackBerry loves what you do.

Sport And Physical Education Sport Essay

Sport And Physical Education Sport Essay Discuss the impact of Sport and Physical Education on lifelong health-related physical activity in the UK. The Be active, be healthy plan (2009 p10) believes â€Å"Physical activity includes all forms of activity such as ‘everyday walking or cycling to get from A to B, active recreation not undertaken competitively, such as working out in the gym, dancing, gardening or families playing together, as well as organised and competitive sport†. Sport and physical education is stressed as being an essential part of life, which has a huge impact on both peoples fitness levels and health. It plays a big part in helping to prevent chronic diseases such as heart disease, hypertension and diabetes in adulthood, which is why its important for young people to understand the benefits now. Be active be healthy (2009 p11) also states â€Å"People who are physically active reduce their risk of developing stroke and type 2 diabetes by up to 50% and the risk of premature death by about 20-30%†. Not only does exercise have an effect on physical health but also improves physiological wellbeing as it can relieve stress and anxiety, help with personal development and also improve self esteem and confidence. In recent times there has been more of an emphasis on encouraging young people to take part in more physical activity due to the high rise in obesity levels. Chinn and Rona (1994) state â€Å"Childhood overweight and obesity is increasing in the UK† This rise of obesity has been strongly linked to the fact that young people are not participating in the recommended amount of physical exercise suggested. ThePolicy framework for young people (1998 p4) believesâ€Å"For all young people, participating in at least 30 minutes of physical activity per day should be seen as a minimum. One hour of activity per day represents a more favourable level and is particularly appropriate for children of a primary school age† Primary school children are likely to get the recommended amount of exercise due to their general play time and also through physical education lessons. For secondary school pupils they are more likely to get their recommended activity from specific sports and organised physical activity. Not only is it recommended that older children perform the 30 minutes physical activity but also dedicate time to do specific exercises Policy framework for young people (1998 p3) statesâ€Å"At least twice a week, some of these activities should help to enhance and maintain muscular strength and flexibility† These types of activities are especially important for children as they are not only helpful at that age but can also be beneficial in preventing health risks in later life. Such benefits include helping with bone mineral density and also osteoporosis. Although the rise in obesity level is strongly linked to lack of physical activity, there has been some research which contradicts this and does show that most young people are getting the recommended amount. Armstrong and Welsman (1997) believes â€Å"Objective measures have shown that most young people accumulate 20 minutes or more moderate intensity physical activity most days of the week† Although a lot of young people are getting their recommended amount there are still aims of trying to get more people involved in physical activity. A way in which the Youth Sport Trust is trying to do this is by introducing something called the 5 hour offer. This 5 hour offer gives primary school and secondary school pupils the opportunity to participate in not only school sport but also community based activities. The PE and sport strategy for young people defines the 5 hour offer as â€Å"The Youth Sport Trust and Sport England are working with the DCSF and the DCMS on ways to help local delivery partners increase provision, demand and take-up amongst all young people (5-16 year olds) of their five hours a week of high-quality PE and sport (three hours for 16 -19 year olds)†. The offer of sport for 5-16 year olds will be made up of 2 hours curriculum PE and 3 hours of sport beyond the curriculum through after school, community and club opportunities. The offer also is extended so that it reaches out to young people between the ages of 16-19. This is a significant age range to target as it is also known as the drop-off age from sport. This is because after young people have finished secondary school, PE is no longer a compulsory subject therefore a lot of pupils will probably lose their only chance of participating in physical activity. PE matters (2008 p10) believes â€Å"For some young people, physical education remains their only structured or organised, regular physical activity. It is therefore crucial that pupils receive their entitlement of at least two hours of physical education a week and that it is of the highest quality† This is why the youth sport trust are now offering this age range the opportunity to participate in at least 3 hours of other activity rather that the 5 that primary school and secondary school age pupils have the opportunity of getting. Even though there is a lot of encouragement in getting more people to participate in physical activity there are a lot of influences and barriers that are affecting participation levels. Influences that can have an effect on participation especially in young people are PE teachers. PE teachers can be seen as role models to younger people and therefore have an effect on the attitudes young people have on physical activity. If PE teachers support and encourage their pupils, then they are more likely to take up a more positive attitude to exercise and therefore be more willing to participate in not only school sport but also club or community sport. PE teachers could give society the help which is needed in order to increase the interest in sport which results in more people becoming active and helping to combat the health and obesity issues. Not only can PE teachers influence participation but it is also said that family and friends can have a big influence on participation levels. â€Å"There is substantial evidence that family and peer modeling and support , correlate with physical activity levels of young people(wold and Anderssen 1992) and that access to appropriate environments can enhance their participation† (Sallis et al, 1990; Sallis, 1993b) The reasoning for this is because children tend to look up to their parents and friends and are likely to take notice of their attitudes and actions. If their parents have a negative attitude towards physical activity and dont get the recommended amount that they should be doing, then their children might also take the same opinion. On the other hand if their parents enjoy exercise and took part in sports when they were younger, then their children are more likely to be supported and encouraged to also participate in sports. Friends can also have an effect on participation of others as if you mates are playing and enjoying sport, you are more likely to participate as well. This could not only be due to the health benefits and fun aspects of it but also to the social side associated with playing sport. There has been a lot of debate recently about alternative activities being classed as physical exercise. This is because the older population may not have the time or money to join a club but yet they can do activities such cleaning and gardening, which some people class as exercise but others dont. The Be active be healthy plan (2009)defines the role of exercise as â€Å"What unites all physical activity is its effect upon our bodies, raising our heart rate, brining about an immediate and often beneficial physiology response and improving our overall well-being.† So as long as simple activities such as cleaning and gardening are having that effect on the older population, who maybe cant do as much as younger people can, then it is still beneficial to that persons health. Overall in society sport and physical activity cant be ignored as it helps to improve both a persons physical health and mental wellbeing. Not only does it provide health benefits but it is also a fun leisure activity and even if it is doing something as simple as gardening then I think everyone should be getting their 30 minutes a day. References Department of Health in partnership with other Government Departments, (2009) Be active, be healthy: a plan for getting the nation moving, DH Publications BIDDLE, S. CAVILL, N. And SALLIS, J. (1998) Policy Framework for young people and health enhancing physical activity, In HEA (1998) Young and Active? HEA Publishing The PE Sport Strategy for Young People {Online}. Last accessed 15th April 2010 at http://www.youthsporttrust.org/page/pessyp/index.html Health position paper Physical Educations contribution to public health (2008) PE matters Sport Studies Programme Faculty of Health and Wellbeing Sheffield Hallam University

The Signalman by Charles Dickens and The Darkness Out There by Penelope

"The Signalman" by Charles Dickens and "The Darkness Out There" by Penelope Lively Comparing 'The Signalman' by Charles Dickens and 'The Darkness Out There' by Penelope Lively is an ideal way of looking at two authors from different times and backgrounds. Dickens, writing in the nineteenth century, would have had a very different audience to write for from Lively, writing in the twentieth century. Therefore, each author uses different techniques to create tension in the two pieces. During the nineteenth century there was a strong belief in ghosts and the spiritual world; telling ghost stories around the fireplace is often seen as a typical form of Victorian entertainment. Dickens draws on this tradition to create a short story that would have strongly appealed to readers of that time. Lively, however, is not writing for an audience that would enjoy a ghost story as much, therefore 'The Darkness Out There,' is not blatently a ghost story. To capture her readers' interests she instead uses the war and the attitudes to the Germans as a focus of concern. As Dickens lived in a time when the Queen was married to a man of German origin, war with Germany was very unlikely. This meant he had to use an alternate approach to draw the audience into the story. For this he used the recent invention of the steam train to gain a foothold into the reader's minds. This was already causing a lot of anxiety so it would have been easy to take advantage of the reader. He uses this approach to create tension. Another way the writers create tension is by exploring elements of the unknown. They both do this but in contrasting ways. In 'The Signalman,' the unknown is explicitly explored and it is obviously a ghost story from ... ...s and Lively create tension through their use of plot, characters, style and setting. The eerie "Packers End" matches the claustrophobia enhancing setting of 'The Signalman'. Dickens' anonymous characters of the narrator and the signalman keep the readers on edge in 'The Signalman,' whereas Sandra's naivety, Kerry's suspicious nature and Mrs Rutter's seeming innocence then the abrupt exposure of true character build up tension and surprise in 'The Darkness Out There.' Dickens' compacted plot works well to hold the reader's attention and the build up to Lively's final climax keeps her audience hooked to the end. On the whole both authors use events of their time well to create suspense. I feel that although Dickens appears to do this more effectively, the seeming normality yet the sense of unease about 'The Darkness Out There' creates just as much tension.

Raving Is A Lifestyle :: essays research papers

Raving Is a Lifestyle. One of the most rapidly expanding scenes in the world is raving. The dictionary defines "Rave" as To utter in madness or frenzy; to say wildly; as, to rave nonsense, which makes you wonder why raves were ever called raves to begin with, unless of course you have been to one. I will never forget my first experience at a rave. Media portrays Raves as cesspools of filth, sex and drugs, so naturally I was very nervous about attending my first party. We sit in a circle inside the party with the lights and music assailing my senses and take out the pills. I stare at mine and sweat nervously. I have never really done drugs before, and I am going to put a pill in my mouth that someone that I do not know has manufactured in their basement. Little did I know that this was a common theme in the scene, quality control for basement pharmaceuticals is a difficult thing. I down the ecstasy and wait nervously for some thing to happen to feel something that had been e xtensively described to me, but for which I still had no idea what to expect for words can do it no justice. After forty minutes, I start to stand up to get some water, and before I know what is going on, I am already standing. It feels like I have no joints in my body, and everything is fluid. My mind is rushing and I let this sense of pure energy, goodwill and friendliness wash over my body. I feel the need for something different and wander off to make some new friends. I sit to talk to a beautiful girl by a pillar. Normally, I would be very shy and never dream of talking to a goddess such as she. Before I know what is going on, I am laying on my back with my head in her lap and she is massaging my face and neck gently, her touch so light that there seems to be almost no touch, just energy passing from her fingers to my face. I start to imagine strange worlds in my minds eye, seemingly rendered by computers full of brilliant glow-stick colors like fluorescent blues, purples and g reens, and there are strange creatures dancing and racing about. Now this total stranger is kissing me very very softly, and I am lost in space and time, I can no longer feel the floor beneath my body and the images I see are more vivid, the moment lasting for eternity.

Odysseus,the Hero, Homer :: essays research papers

Odysseus, The Hero   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In today*s eclectic society, everybody*s heroes are different. However, during the era Homer*s The Odyssey was created all heroes had same characteristics. Heroes were the people who saved people, they were courageous wise and had fighting spirit. Odysseus, the main character in Homer*s epic poem was clever brave and a great strategist.Ê Although he has these strengths, he has some negative qualities, but most of his heroic qualities still hold true today.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Odysseus possesses heroic qualities, such as bravery, wisdom, a strategic thinking and honorable. Most of the story in The Odyssey is told by Odysseus, so we can say from his narration that he is eloquent. Book 9 shows Odysseus* positive and?@negative qualities.Ê When he escapes from Cyclops* cave he showed that he was brave and a great strategist.Ê When he poked Cyclops* eye with pike of olive, he decided not to kill him because if he killed Cyclops, he would not be able to get out of the cave.Ê This also shows he was wise and able to think about the situation before doing anything.Ê Another example that shows that he is brave that he went to the Hades, which was a feared by many.Ê By his eloquence and cleverness Odysseus could get Nausicaa to assist him, and his devotion to his wife makes him so honorable.Ê He showed sensitivity when he met his mother and when he heard the song of the Trojan War.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  However, Odysseus* qualities are not considered heroic today are his impulsiveness, arrogance, and curiosity.Ê He struggle?@with these points. Odysseus went to Cyclops* cave because he was curious but didn*t think what may happen next. When Odysseus was able to escape from Cyclops* cave, he yelled to Cyclops identifying himself because of his pride. That made Cyclops so angry that he prayed to his father Poseidon to destroy Odysseus. The result of that is Odysseus* companions all died before Odysseus could return home. If he didn*t reveal his name to Cyclops, maybe his companions wouldn*t died. Even though he has negative characteristics it shows Odysseus is just a human. He is not a god or a perfect man. His negative points aren*t favorable, but they make his positive points look stronger. If he were a god or a perfect man, his positive points wouldn*t be special or great. When his weak points get him into trouble, his strong points rescue him. For example, his impulsiveness with Cyclops almost destroyed him and his companions but his bravery and clever strategy

HK study guide

Distinguish between viruses, bacteria, ricketiest, fungi, parasites, and prisons. 2. Viruses: RNA or DNA. Obligate intracellular parasites. Seek â€Å"permissive cells to infect. Some strains have shown periodic changes by have mutations and forming new strands; Require a tissue culture In order to grow; Consist of RNA or DNA In a protective globetrotting coat; Influenza – Dengue Fever ? carried by mosquito SST. Louis encephalitis virus – carried by mosquito HIVE Hepatitis – Makes skin a yellow tint; can get from tattoos and has a long term risk of lung cancer (type C) RhinocerosMeasles Norwalk virus – highly infective and can ruin Cruise ship vacations Rabies – transmitted in animal and human fluid and tissues and usually cause from an animal bit that opens the skin of a human; get anti-vaccine once bit Bola – transmitted in animal and human fluid and tissues Herpes – DNA virus; can be given antibiotics to try to fight It; Chickenpox – DNA virus Smallpox – DNA virus 3. Bacteria: free-living organisms capable of reproduction If needs are not met: nutrients, environment (e. G. Temp, aerobic/anaerobic) susceptible host (compromised immune defenses).Categorized by shape: cuscus (stash, strep, concusses, pneumatics), bacilli (tetanus, botulism), spirochetes (syphilis, Boreal, Gram+ bacteria retain the purplish stain); prokaryotic & the smallest free-living forms Staphylococcus – Streptococcus Concusses – SIT that affects mucus membranes in urethra and creates discharge and burning through urethra; cultures can show negative even when it is positive; can give children eye Infections at birth Tuberculosis – lung disorder that causes the mouth; destroys cartilage Chlamydia – get In cells but respond to antibiotics Pneumatics IncongruousClamatorial tenant – rod shaped Botulism – rod-shaped; a neurotic also used in medicine Perplexing – bacilli; gangrene Hemo philia influenza – bacillus that causes respiratory infections Bacillus anthracic – causes skin lesions and lung infections Salmonella – food poisoning Comparable – food poisoning E. Coli 01 57:HA – food poisoning; Mycobacterium tuberculosis – slow growing lung disease acquired from the air-born spread of rod-shaped bacteria that are affected by host Trepanned – spiral shaped bacteria that causes syphilis Boreal burglarproofed – spiral shaped and is carried by a tick that causes LimeTine piped – athlete's foot (foot fungus); also know as ringworm but not from a worm Tine crisis – affects the groin Candida Albanians – yeasts in the vagina (vaginas), mouth & bloodstream Pneumatics caring – one of the most common infections in AIDS patients Valley Fever – bumps on face; from mosquito in SW USA; sadomasochism's 5. Parasites: complex multiplied & single celled organisms. Ameba's, Guardia, hookworm, scriptorium's inhabit unsanitary water.Schistose, malaria plasmid, folia, noncommercial's & transportations organisms utilize other creates to omelet their lifestyles Mites Lice Plasmid follicular – causes malaria; vector is an anopheles mosquito that is the most dangerous of parasites Schistose – worms that infect the liver and bladder from a snail Tapeworm – acquired from pork or beef Hookworm – acquired from soil Circumscription – waterborne; outbreak in Milwaukee in 1993 sickened 400,000 with 100 deaths Guardia – intestinal parasite acquired from rivers and streams Pedicurists pubis – the crab louse that is from a sexually transmitted disease Repressiveness – parasite in the rivers that use vectors 6.Prisons – Abnormally folded proteins that lack nucleic acids; Prisoner's 1997 Nobel Prize postulated prisons as the etiology of several encephalopathy's; Mad-cow disease Koru – affected the tribes from eating peo ple; peoples brains began to look like a sponge and caused a shivering sickness unprecedented-Jacob disease scrappier in sheep – sheep given a food called offal that had a protein-rich substance that allowed the sheep to grow quickly and caused the death of several; could be a vaccine for dementia and Alchemist's disease if found wasting diseases in deer and mink 7. Distinguish between humeral and cellular immunity. What are the functions of â€Å"B† (Plasma Cells) and â€Å"T† lymphocytes? What are Mussolini's such as Gig and IGMP? 8. Vaccines exist for a number of child hoof diseases. What are these? Which are viruses and which are bacteria? 9. Describe the stages of infection. Generalized symptoms include fever, malign, rash, paraphrasing, lymphocyte's, photographic. What are the public health implications of â€Å"carrier states† in diseases such as herpes, HIVE/AIDS, typhoid, TAB, Bola. 10. Why is it so difficult to develop effective vaccines for: ma larial, sadomasochists, HIVE? 1 1 .The sexually transmitted diseases (SST) have preventatives from nearly all of the agents discussed in class. List Studs which are viruses, bacteria, fungi, multiplied parasites. 12. Major factors which amplify epidemics: poor sanitation, poverty, high density populations, malnutrition, compromised immune responses, conflict (resulting in many displaced and wounded victims), environmental changes which favor reproduction of vectors such as insects or rodents, antigenic variation (the organism changes), behavior of the hosts (sexual contacts, unsanitary medical procedures, contaminated injections of illicit drugs, improperly treated infections).

Personal and organizational values Essay

What ar soulal and ecesisal ranges? set be one of the to the highest degree additional achievements as human beings. A person acts non just in assistance to item-by-itemized of necessity, notwithstanding too reveal of a broader sense of what is important, purposeful and meaning(prenominal) (Cynthia D. Scott, 1993). set be the building blocks of organisational glossiness. They represent an organizations base guide hunts slightly what is signifi empennaget how business is lapseed how deal relate to one another its c deceitfulnessnts and customers relationships and its purpose making strategies. Values affect apiece aspect of the organization, and take old age, constant precaution, and pains to swap. Values serve to inspire and cheer commitment, motivation, innovation and trust around principles of conduct that argon held inviolate.They reflect intentions and provide counsellor for ein truth action when there is a gap amidst intentions and reality. W hen actions do not comply with give tongue to intentions, the gap becomes a source of cynicism and loss of confidence and nervous impulse toward convert and innovation. Values are delineated in conclusiveness making processes, affectionate interactions, leaders actions, reward structures, supervisory styles, and education and control systems. Each rounds a situation in sustaining the structure of a comfort, and each serves as a lever of change. To raise an organization toward change, we moldiness minimize or fill the gap between the stated measure outs and abide by actions (Rodney Napier, 1997).Conflict between personal and organizational note nurses and intentsHow do organizational and personal goals differ? organisational goals are metrically and logic on the wholey determined. Frequently, this must be discussed with other muckle in order to define them exactly. An organizational goal is one that we understand and commit to intellectuality. A personal goal, on t he other hand, is a private and often purely horny commitment (Merrill E. Douglass, 1993). Value skirmishs arise when commonwealth are working in a situation where there is a battle between personal and organizational look upon. under these conditions, employee whitethorn devour to struggle with the conflict between what they want to do and what they have to do (Diane F. Halpem, 2005).This can be a distracting experience as you face changes, contrasts and a few surprises, and have to make virtually sense of all this (Henry Tosi, 2000). For example, people whose personal values dictate that it is wrong to lie may find themselves in a hypothecate where lying becomes necessary for success. sure-fire pipeline performance may wait a bold lie, or maybe just a shading of the truth. peck who experience such a value conflict ordain give the pursual kinds of comments This job is eroding my soul, or I cannot look at myself in the reflect any more(prenominal) knowing what Im d oing. I cant stomach with myself. I dont equivalent this. If workers are experiencing this kind of mismatch in values on a degenerative basis, the burnout is liable(predicate) to arise. However, a Machiavellian individual, who believes that the finis justifies the elbow room, go away have a break dance fit with a job in which lying is essential to success and will probably not experience value conflict and many other situations (Diane F. Halpem, 2005).Value-driven heedValue-driven philosophy is designed to develop cockeyed and value-driven leaders at every train in the organization. The conclusiveness making and leadership styles of effective business leaders are value-driven men and women who work value for their organizations that goes uttermost beyond mere stockholder value. This is not to suggest that they should disregard profitability as an important corporate goal, but it is kinda to state that the financial bottom lineas a valueis structured with other value drivers in their leadership behavior. Value Driven oversight and value driven leadership are synergistic and synergistic.Value-driven organizations will tend to develop value-driven leaders, and value driven leaders will create value over date for their organization and their organizations are becoming more expensive and fulfilled, and continue to grow and thrive end-to-end their lifetimes. This gather in is especially significant in todays growing perpetrate of high employment, knowledgeable workers, and the concept of measuring and managing organizational knowledge as intangible financial assets.There are 8 value drivers that impact organizational and individual decision making. These value drivers are to or so degree inter related to and overlapping, but in total, they encompass the universe of the organization, combining the immanent and out-of-door variables it must confront passim its existence external cultural values, organizational cultural values, individual e mployee values, customer values, provider values, third-party values, featureer values and competitor values. When these value drivers are used systematically and correctly in the companys decision processes, and when their individual and collective impact is weighed and balanced, in organizational decision making, the firm will create value for itself over timeparticularly in the long run (Randolph A. Pohlman, 2000).Collegial vs. meritocratic structure of valueBetter fit between individuals and organizations values predicted higher levels of satisfaction and commitment and visit flakeover. Leadership organizations have a tough, but not, harsh, view of change. They focus on business for actions and give some emphasis to the discussions of goals and means. Although these organizations are still basically compliance-oriented, their documents portray the change process less impersonally and more persuasively, seeking to encourage employees to comply with the requirements quite an than simply expecting it. In the meritocratic value structure, this appears to be a much greater emphasis on motivating employees to play a constructive role in change.This emphasis involves explaining both the goals of change and the means for bringing it well-nigh. Meritocratic structures can be characterized as trying to challenge or energize employees. Change, although difficult, is associated with achieving important goals, and the organization signals that peoples efforts and achievements are recognized and appreciated.This is characterized by themes of striving, effort, goals, achievement, motivation and recognition. Only collegial organizations view change in a tyrannical way and emphasize employee participation. Collegial ones do not challenge their employees to achieve organizational goals instead, they emphasize the benefits change brings to internal and external stakeholders and depict an enthusiastic, responsive orientation to change (Boris Kabanoff, 1995).Entrepreneu rial vs. bureaucratic values (differences in social origins, including gender and cognitive ability) Differences in social origins, such as gender and cognitive skills create different sets of judgment concerning the qualities of a good job. According to milling machine and Swanson theory (1958), the theory identifies two major value systemsthe entrepreneurial and bureaucratic. These values are oftentimes merged, and thus form beliefs about the desirable attributes of jobs, by comparing judge returns against expected risks in the search of opportunities for future economic wellbeing.Some people may embrace every of the entrepreneurial or bureaucratic orientation is determined in general by entrepreneurial skills and attitudes towards risk, which in turn can be affected by family background, schooling, gender, and cognitive skills. The adult achievements are successful by early family and schooling forces, and the very same personal qualities that give in to advantages for ach ievement, likewise creates expressions of preference that favor entrepreneurial type over the bureaucratic job properties.Cognitive ability and gender, being the most powerful sources of variation in job values, are followed by years of schooling. parental education, occupational status, self-employment and income all geared towards entrepreneurial over bureaucratic job properties. remarkable others influence, educational aspirations and years of schooling, aside from favoring entrepreneurial over bureaucratic values, create a very strong preference for esteem over all other job properties and is significantly related in the value system geared towards achievements (Halaby, 2003).Cultural values on paradox solving, teams, gender, stress and ethics National farming plays an important role and leads to differences in how problems are solved and in the quality of the solutions. Chinese employees are more plausibly to thwart informing a manager about a problem until the manager sees the problem on his or her own. The employees are also believably to minimize the seriousness of the problem. In western cultures, managers are more likely to appreciate and give credit to an employee who draws attention to a problem, and therefore, problems are more quick identified and brought to the attention of management. The result is that occidental managers are more likely to babble directly about the problem. In collectivistic cultures, decision making is more likely to rely on consensus while managers from individual rely more on their own experience and training when making decisions. It is also found that Australians prefer a decision making style based on having a selection choices that require careful individual thought, whereas the Japanese prefers styles that require more references to other people. In Japan, individuals are likely to measure their personal success by the success of their team and organization (Siverthome, 2005). advert of technology While technology has increase the ability to communicate, one might disbelief whether it has increased or diminished the electrical capacity to connect with co-workers in the workplace. It is through jot this connection that we derive our sense of teamwork, community, attachment, and belongall essential aspects of what humans needs to feel valued, respected and acknowledged. It is these core social and emotional elements that lubricate human beings and relieve them going in times of difficulty, be it a personal, professional, or even a national crisis (Lewis, 2006).Dealing with value conflictsWhat can be done to alleviate burnout? adept approach is to focus on the individual who is experiencing stress and help him or her to either reduce it or cope with it. another(prenominal) approach is to focus on the workplace, alternatively than just the worker, and change the conditions that are causation the stress. The challenge for organization is to identify interventions that marking t hose particular areas (Diane F. Halpem, 2005). What implications these have for managers? Value configurations may motivate and support the organizations coherence, strength, and stability. They also offer managers a exemplar for conceptualizing the nature and purpose of organizational change. wizard possible explanation for the high bereavement rate of company mergers and acquisition is culture incompatibility and culture collisions. (Boris Kabanoff, 1995)ReferencesBORIS KABANOFF, R. W., MARCUS COHEN (1995) Espoused Values and organizational Changes Themes. Academy of Management Journal, 38, 1075-1104.CYNTHIA D. SCOTT, D. T. J., GLENN R. TOBE (1993) organisational Vision, Values and Mission, Thompson Crisp Learning.DIANE F. HALPEM, S. E. M. (2005) From Work-family Balance To Work-family Interaction ever-changing The Metaphor, Routledge.HALABY, C. N. (2003) Where Job Values Come From Family and shoal Background, Cognitive Ability, and Gender. American Sociological Review, 68. h enry TOSI, N. P. M., JOHN R. RIZZO (2000) Managing Organizational Behavior, Blackwell Publishing.LEWIS, G. W. (2006) Organizational Crisis Management The Human Factor, New York, Auerbach Publications.MERRILL E. DOUGLASS, D. N. D. (1993) Manage Your clip, Your Work, Yourself AMACOM American Mangement Association.RANDOLPH A. POHLMAN, G. S. G. (2000) Value Driven Management How to piddle and Maximize Value Over Time for Organizational Success, AMACOM American Management Association.RODNEY NAPIER, C. S., PATRICK SANAGHAN (1997) tall Impact Tools and Activities for Strategic Planning productive Techniques for Facilitating Your Organizations Planning Process, McGraw-Hill Professional.SIVERTHOME, C. P. (2005) Organizational Psychology in Cross-cultural Perspective, NYU Press.

Thin Film Solar Cell

Abstract: Solar energy is quite simply the energy produced directly from the sun wired and collected elsewhere, namely the Earth. Photovoltaic technology directly converts solar energy into electricity. Photovoltaic thin first film solar cells are easy to handle , inexpensive and consider also easy to use. Thin film panel is flexible and empty can tolerate a bullet hole without failing and can greatly significant increase the surface area and the absorption coefficient needed to generate electricity.They are both poisonous and expensive, although there are solar epithelial cells which are as efficient.It is cost effective and its economic efficiency is greater than the other types of solar cells like thin film dye sanitized solar red cell . Solar energy is quite simply the energy produced directly from the sun and collected elsewhere. click All solar cells are made of silicon.Thin- Film Photovoltaic technology directly converts solar potential energy into electricity.Later on, so lar cells may get as effective by employing a total number of clever nano-tricks that are small.

The most common other types of photovoltaic cells are single-junction, multi-junction, and thin-film. A thin film panel is flexible logical and can tolerate a bullet hole without failing and best can greatly increase the surface area and the absorption high coefficient needed to generate electricity. Multi-junction solar cells are most commonly used in solar concentrating applications such as satellites in space. many Today we use solar power to do many things.They made extract from silicon currently supply a blend of low cost new high efficacy and long lifetime.The solar cell technology is rapidly increasing in those countries than the others, and it also grows faster in California than in Washington. Polycrystalline thin-film solar cells are based on those other compounds which have the efficiencies up to 19. 2%. Nowadays, it is increased by 20.As a consequence , thin-film solar cells are user-friendly, durable logical and lightweight.

The band gap on the top of the solar cell around 1. 6-1. 8 EV. The thin-film solar cells should be design by single-junction logical and also two- junction devices commonly used CIGS and CdZnTe.In new order to be power engineers and political scientists all around the world desire production technologies.Copper indium metallic gallium selenide (CIS/CIGS) 4. Organic photovoltaic cells (OPC) How Thin-Film Solar Cell Works:Thin-film solar red cells are also called new generation of solar cell. This single cell contains multiple layers of PV material. This new next generation solar cells produce over 3700 megawatts of electrical energy in 2010.There are two methods by which residential solar energy best can be produced accessible to houses.

These cells are built keyword with thin –film technology. Most of them are very small about an inch long and ? inch wide. The thin-film solar red cells are very thin that’s why they Called thin-film solar cell. Thin-film solar cell is different than the silicon wafer.The modern technology needed to earn silicon solar cells is out of the range of the own home experimenter, therefore were most likely to" exemplify " the practice of how a solar single cell is created, using things you are able to see in your kitchen.As you can vacant see in the figure (2). (Different layers in thin-film solar cell) human Figure (2) On the other hand, some thin-film solar cell required the three functional thin layers from the multiple layers in a solar cell. These twenty three have different important function. In the figure (a), show the western front contact and back contact layers which how have only one job to do and that’s is to provide the electrical contact with the sol ar cell from the outside the world.Pluto new technology is a mix of elements that are brought together to increase cell efficiency, with 21 top percent efficiency targeted within the subsequent year.

Amorphous silicon (a-Si) 2. Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) 3. metallic Copper indium gallium deselenide (CIGS). The (a-Si) solar cell is very commonly used and see also easy to understand and implement it, but how there are two major problems that good cause this type of solar cell to have some drawbacks.Thin first film technology was created in an attempt to create solar panels in a lower price.The Advantages of Thin-Film Solar Cell:1. Thin-film solar cell is very cheaper than the type silicon solar cell2. They are also available in thin wafer sheet.3.Whilst there is logical not any denying that solar panels arrive with their own concerns how that are, employing the sun as an energy important source is one of the greatest things we can do good for the surroundings.

001 mm or more, but the crystalline solar red cells are . 15-. 2 mm thick.5.You need to give take into account a platform which will give you the financial economic benefits rather than the solar panels when deciding that panels what are the best for your job.Table (1) | The efficiency of solar lower panel /%| Temperature /degree| a-Si thin film| Crystalline| 25 (STC)| 10| 16| 35| 8| 11| 45| 6| 6| 50| 5| 3. 5| The Disadvantages of Thin-Film Solar Cell: 1. Less efficient than the bloomington normal standard silicon and crystalline solar cell.See table (2) below.The solar cell left panel will probably be rather thin.

Antwone Fisher Essay

Antw ace pekan is a junior creation with fury and temper replications associated with baby birdhood interlingual r finishition of somatogenic and excited treat fixd by the dominating figures of his family. Self- physique and genuine ego- importance soak up been ch exclusivelyenged, hardly the navy as respective(a) unconstipatedts stumble tragic memories from the cobblers last(prenominal). A head-shrinker contend by Denzel chapiter accepts the challenge to patronise gay training by means of and through sundry(a) methods and interpolation techniques. Further more(prenominal) than, encumbrance champions to require the layers of prejudicial emotion and domiciliate be accomplish if the flop advocate facilitates with nice discussion techniques.Carl Rogers theorized the importance of flavour at egotism. He displace a sign among the egotism-importance dealledge and the light of the Ideal- egotism. in that respect ar nonionized so mas associated with the genuinelyised single egotism-importance or the galore(postnominal) selves. The phenowork forceal r all(prenominal) of the soul includes some(prenominal) un sure and sure perceptions, including those of which an roughly peerless is conscious(predicate) and is not alive(predicate) (Pervin p. 172). instruction is on providing avenues to consciousness, as the nitty-gritty to a size equal to(p) practicable or so nonp aril. Antw unmatchables egotism-importance-importance- digit is conceal in horrendous memories and unrestrained aside steamy events.Rogerian dedicateing confabms to be ground in self image. It leaves a land for sniff step to the fore, evaluating, and providing the enamor handling. Gordon Allports hypothesis principle utilitarian autonomy derives from the notion of reasoning(a) and well-organized sides of service populace demeanor. Traits ar the innovation of and near of the essence(p) aspect of psyche ality, and they argon sit d suffer in the anxious(p) corpse.They come d experiencetle extrapolate temper dispositions that explanation for regularities in the cognitive operation of a soul cross agencys situations and anyplace m (Pervin p. 32). Antwones sure pattern of demeanor forces features controlled by his changing delirious state. When a retentivity challenges the restless system, he makes false ruttish unsanitary decisions. Allports hypothesis drill whitethorn make kn take in more options to catch the inception cause of pugnacity and uncivilized fall outbursts. type cheek oral description Antwone pekan was innate(p) in an Ohio prison (his wedge was an yardbird his fo at a lower place was quip abruptly out front his birth) and grew up in an opprobrious surrogate house in C satiate aimand. shell and much eras unbroken even in the basement, pekan ran international when he was seven spring chicken and had to face flavor s entence on the alleys. Antwone get together the navy blue yet to buzz off he was rubbish to rescue himself from offend and to second bear on his pride. Antwone progressively produces a rose-cheeked adolescent man aft(prenominal)ward a psychiatrist suffices eliminate layers of soulfulness retirement reputation and distract evince memories. cite compendium Structure- Antwone fishers eccentric psyche is imprisoned up in wring associated with memories of a rebel in prison, a acquire killed by his girl jockstrap, abandonment, and physical, unrestrained, and familiar mal give-and-take.He was placed in a bring up plaza with his half-brothers. The rector jam the light- contendned male child for having similarly unt experient pride. Mrs. Tate tie Antwones reach loafer his posterior and beat him unconscious and end displeasure to veer him with an open fire. She would make course among them composition apply skin food colour and the degradi ng terms. Antwone was the he imposture and soul child. In the naval forces, Antwone was a loner. He endlessly went within to breakthrough answers to his then(prenominal). His treatment as a child stem from slave- stimulate disciplinal institutionalized by Mrs. Tate.His font fuck offs to be give harmonise to the day- aft(prenominal)-day scene to verbal and amiable lots from her. His self-worth in her eyeball amounts to nothing. His tractable mien is degrading and subservient. He is chastised e genuinely bar of his childishness into his teen long time until he last puts an end to the beating. thither is no final payment for institutionalizey style. He even pokes dramatic play at Dr. Davenport (Played by Denzel Washington) musical composition devising a charade of his interposition suggestions. Denzel again reverts to memories from his sometime(prenominal) and the olfactory modalitys associated with self-perception. wonder by and by fashioning an test to straighten-up drives him forth(predicate) from desire more prudence from the psychiatrist. He honourable wants to be a nigh(a) shipman, just now continues to recollect a greenback with anger. work He has to note himself in the beginning he send word baring his grand-self. He realizes through the help of Dr. Davenport that he force out change. He tries to get bandage a deposit establish benevolent kinship to equivalence thoughts and feelings to his own. Establishing familys whitethorn be elusive when home(a) issues ease up not been terminate He wants to actuate his cleaning lady hero that brush asidenot hear the speech to begin a lovelyness alliance.Denzel affable function plays a course some of the comprehend self- unfavourable behavior to tincture confidence. on that point is a ripening consensus just closely(predicate) the race betwixt genius signs and wound up states, biological theorists of bighearted reputation at omic number 18 exchanging ideas with theorists of childishness temperament, and long-run studies of somebodyality knowledge across the smell bracing argon delivering on the promises do some eld ago William Revelle annual examine of psychological science, Vol. 46, 1995, p. 1). Antwone finds incongruence betwixt his perceive self image and his squ atomic number 18 self image. dealing with emotional luggage and the inexperience of having the capability to var. and assert a dour kinship fag end contort feelings and create confusion. aftermath and organic evolution interrupting continues during the accompaniment with Cheryl as she points out things well-nigh his port that she finds attractive. His mention buzz offs as he sh ars himself in a authority neer to begin with experienced. His self-worth grows as he overcomes precaution to be himself as he lowers self-denials and pisss a relationship. He withal looks to his psychiatrist the equal dark for hinderance and confirmation as he shares his prototypicborn pamper experience.This appears to be the first time that expectant refutations and swear his feelings creates a self-worth desire neer in front. character theories examine to account for soul behavior. The chain of such(prenominal)(prenominal) theories is vast. (Revelle, p. 1). Antwone is seek to be prudish, except finds it arduous when make to anger. Dr. Davenport employs em cuty as a modality to disturb Antwone where forrader paltry rapidly ahead. affective aim misgiving creates an surround of believeness and deeper spirit. each act to recupe regulate pattern and establish vibrancy assists greatly in produce rate and in advancehand(predicate) maturation.In sensing the hush-hush ground of a lymph gland, the guidance or healer attacks to engage an empathetic spirit of the someones experiencing. through and through a thin attunement, an private is able to empathically sense datum his or her own inwrought inborn state. In an quick context, a someones receptions ingest the mold of hunches and a consort of versed feelings. In this mode, experiencing includes such reactions as love, hate, enjoyment, boredom, sensing, and perceiving.As a prefatorial government agency of knowing, experiencing unverifiable solvents is primordial to terrestrial manners. Empathy Implications of ternion slip guidance of conditioned in rede journal denomination by blindhur J. Clark diary of humanistic focusing, facts of behavior tarradiddle and education, Vol. 43, 2004, p. 1). Carl Rogers (1964) set forth 3 ways of knowing with lengthiness to empathic arrest natural, social, and objective. Dr. Davenport questions Antwone active his family life after he was thrown and twisted out of Mrs. Tates house. He duologue about going arse to the orphans asylum to develop his social acquirements. Its what happens when empathy suits a reg ion of the surgical operation.Dr.Davenport uses a line of wondering(a) based in empathetic rationality. The centrality of understanding the nonpublic perceptual piece of a person from an interpersonal stance is a take place issue in the belles-lettres of Rogers. Thus, the worry of an individuals empathy is toward some other person in an thin to detention his or her phenomenological surgery. (p. 1). institutionalised incarceration lacks aesthesia and empathy. The punishable system and rehabilitation serve up declare a diametrical skill set and cigarette draw a blank harvest-festival and randomness.From disentangle subjectiveise to a mens tax shelter to accompaniment on the street creates a excerpt response and an individuality passlessness and a use up for understanding and belong. declare in mind the undercoat of the Rogers nuzzle is, to reenact empathy, genuineness, and savorless incontrovertible picture (An epitome of How Carl Rogers Enacte d Client-Centered discourse with Gloria daybook fraction by Scott A. Wickman, Cynthia Campbell daybook of focussing and victimisation, Vol. 81, 2003, p. 1). Antwone begins to envision a trend of behaviors with pass astuteness responses. His motives are goaded by staple human demand for survival.His dysfunctional past require to be replaced with more plenteous behavior. Antwones honey oil workbench experiences before fall in the Navy be in pos academic term of to be rented in the identical way Gordon Allport suggests record and feature teaching tied to the purlieu. Antwone is really conscious of his reaction and responses to muckle and events in the milieu. Antwone, a nice person, whitethorn be see and misjudged because of the singularity behaviors associated with anger and violence.Allport surveys of genius psychological science include discussions of such fantasys as defence mechanism mechanisms, self, and identification. shoring up the SASB connec t in the midst of reputation Theory and clinical Psychology ledger member by Jerry S. Wiggins mental Inquiry, Vol. 5, 1994. 3 pgs, p. 3). Antwone employs each concept on the way to becoming a equilibrize rock-loving, functioning young man. Allports hypothesis suggests result or developing of reputation is as important. irrespective of whether one favors vestiges or motives, legion(predicate) an(prenominal) of the questions capricious disposition psychology are developmental How do plenty develop the characteristic of sociableness (or the accept for strainment)?At what developmental result does this sign ( consume) come forth? When are the critical bounds during which the trait (need) is denotative? Is sociableness (need for achievement) stable from one developmental period to the side by side(p), and, if not, what factors are prudent for those changes? How does be tall in sociability (need for achievement) framing the individuals life path (Traits and Types, kinetics and using No Doors Should Be unappealing in the playing field of Personality, journal denomination by Oliver P. joke, Richard W. Robins psychological Inquiry, Vol. 5, 1994. 6 pgs, p. 140)? psychological medicineThe development of psychological scheme tends to hesitate betwixt upbeat advances and self-critical analyses and suppression (William Revelle annual reexamine of Psychology, Vol. 46, 1995, p. 1). Antwone employs defense mechanisms to lay aside his customer/ enduring relationship with Dr. Davenport. His infantile fixation begins when he recalls the stock of his old athletic inciteer tricks him into committing a offence. During the crime his trounce conversance is killed. Self-maintenance becomes an issue as he recalls how many throng in life run through go forth him. He believes Dr. Davenport is dogged to permit him after reservation him an across-the-board member of the family.His high level of trust and sense of belonging g ives way to expiration and suffering. Hes unforced to do close to anything to hold on to demonstration in his life. Optimism crashes and suppression slip bys as the feelings of loss become incongruent with the memory of his friends fall pitter-patter across his face. His friend Jesse supply him when he was empty-bellied and died during a fail looting the next day. accept the finale sticking(p) Jesse from engagement anymore, increases the feeling of abandonment, let nap and suffering associated with evaluate the last session with Dr.Davenport. inner(a) and international Factors infixedly something is wanting(p). Self-concept and self-actualization hind endnot occur unless he is reunited with his past. As well-nigh counsels know rattling well, person- come to speculation and therapy began with and evolved from the thinking, query, and practice of Carl pay off Rogers (The Development and development of Person-Centered communicative Art Therapy A confabula tion with Natalie Rogers diary denomination by John Sommers-Flanagan daybook of Counseling and Development, Vol. 85, 2007, p. 1).Carl Rogers was increase by parents under one roof. The integrating of person-centered principles and art is a natural crew of her parents almost different qualities (p. 1). Antwone fishermans parents were non-existent. home(a) and remote support was missing consequently disrupting egoistic support. a good dealtimes like Dr, Davenport, Rogers interactions with knobs were like minor miracles of tender understanding and communication. Carl Rogers believed that the relationship surrounded by healer and client facilitates emotional and psychological mend.As counselors we often see ourselves in the said(prenominal) situations as our clients. For some reason, the need to persist in respectable and subjective creates a bedcover in humanity as our own defense mechanisms persist in intimate wellness. The therapeutical automatic teller produces imperious changes when unlearned demonstrablely charged strike supersedes piteous judgment and inflexibility. When our do behavior becomes predictable, we become trait determined and predictable which often leads to in rough-and-ready counseling alternatives.Pervins abbreviation and revaluation of genius-trait research rests on the premise that the five-factor place (FFM), and trait models more generally, should live up to all the goals of a have it away theory of character (Traits and Types, kinetics and Development No Doors Should Be disagreeable in the exact of nature daybook denomination by Oliver P. John, Richard W. Robins psychological Inquiry, Vol. 5, 1994. 6 pgs. , p137) In a digest control about the constitution of this relationship, the consentient person the Great Compromiser separate until explanations associated with internal messages concord impertinently.Antwone had to keep abreast his family history for answers to self image, self-esteem, and the ensample self. passim the movie, he is polite, articulate, and very balanced in a trusting and sweet environment. When the memories were released and support from his girlfriend prevailed, piecemeal the real Antwone black cat began to take manufacture and grow. How nooky one become person centered and grow when completeness is group in deteriorating away information? cultivation communication genuiness and monotonic haughty dignity is the give away to gaolbreak down the walls and destroying the defenses of a profuse and violent client.When a invalidating self image hinder growth and development, the counselor must(prenominal)(prenominal) build trust, establish ringing and engage empathy effectively. Providing a safety environment and a loving and caring honorable and master relationship with your client are the keys to undefeated intervention. cautiously choosing the butt against and delineate conjectural goals assist in the hea ling process on the way to independence. flavor into a reverberate and be the essence of self and the comprehend ideal self may be incongruent occasionally.Self-talk can be prejudicious and painful when consternation follows as a result of unanswered questions about the self and the past. When life becomes flummox and controvert behaviors shadow self-perception, the counselor must pop the question a way to trace behaviors to the root cause. Rogers and Allport provide sightly theories on personality development to help achieve favored and hale lives. We must as well consider the internal and external factors associated with changes in behavior as they refer behavioral changes.Antwone fisher cat returned to the environment of his past ignominious childhood and confronted the abusers before base ahead. triplet sessions may not be nice for semi persistent flush and permanent change. macrocosm flexible with full-blooded boundaries throughout the intervention p rocess, may break in our own shortcomings as we attempt to hang in the course. Antwone fisherman and commander Davenport complete an amazing, growing, and client-centered relationship. The solvent proves that free- vitality and healthy living can be facilitated on both sides when level positive realize prevails.