Costco Versus Sam’s Club Essay

The navigator basis of image has the control to navigate the company through external issues. Costco employs a divisional organizational structure that is nationwide and divided into three different divisions. Each division is controlled by an Executive Vice President and the regions are divided for the Senior Vice President. Costco opens its stores in different states such as the first time to open in South Carolina, â€Å"It’s pretty much spread like wildfire† (McMaster, 2001). One of the pressure for change was the economy and the recession that the businesses encountered and to be more strategic than its competitors to sell products as bulk to save money and make the consumer happy especially with large families. Sam’s Club does not have as much pressure as Costco would since Sam’s Club is a subsidiary of Walmart which is the largest retail store chain all across the world. â€Å"In this image, some, but not all, change intentions are achievable. Power, processes, interests, and the different skill levels of managers affect their ability to produce intentional change outcomes† (Ian Palmer 26). Costco and Sam’s Club are able to embrace the changes and the great outcomes by thousands of members who shop at the companies. Costco differ from other retail companies by the wholesale products that consumers can buy in bulk while still saving money in the long run even with the annual membership that Costco and Sam’s Club charges. The other change manager at Costco and Sam’s Club is that they both utilize the highlights of the goals as a coach because the way training goes, both warehouse company focuses on not only delegating the work but actions leading with words. For example, when customers are shopping for a certain item and the manager trains the employees on the products, what’s coming in and what’s going out, and also following schematics to ensure customers that when they shop at each parenting store, the customers are able to find the product in any store and in any state. One of the models that Costco and Sam’s Club seem to use is the 7-S Framework because the managers have goal sets, strategies and structure on how to train the employees and how they want the job to be performed. As a warehouse company, new products will arrive such as groceries and out goes the old because they are perishable. Based on the readings, â€Å"The 7-S Framework was developed by the McKinsey & Company consultants Robert Waterman Jr., Tom Peters, and Julien Phillips. It is based on the propositions that organizational effectiveness comes from the interaction of multiple factors and successful change requires attention to the interconnectedness of the variables. They characterize the factors into seven categories: structure, strategy, systems, style, staff, skills, and superordi-nate goals (Ian Palmer 125). The only bad thing about the 7-S framework is that its weakness is viewing at the external aspects because the products sold are not for just one type of demogra phic but more than one by offering different type of products and services. SWOT Analysis Since Costco and Sam’s Club are both huge warehouse retailers, each one has strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Not only are the analyses internal, they are also external. Both have high employee retention because they do treat the employees well by offering above average salaries and great benefits. As for externally, both warehouse companies offer other products and services such as food courts, sell and install tires, gasoline, and business cards. As the class textbook says, â€Å"The Strategic Inventory involves a much more sophisticated analysis than that provided by the ubiquitous SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats). The danger with SWOT analysis is that it very easily becomes a listing not of strengths but â€Å"believed strengths,† not of weaknesses but â€Å"believed weaknesses,† and so forth† (Ian Palmer 137). Costco strengths offer a wide variety of products, high end and mid range, online and services but have a weak compliance function which limits the customer to product choices. One of the opportunities for Costco is that they have a growing demand for private labeling on their products which well known as Kirkland but with the foreign exchange rate fluctuations, the profit margins may seem lower than expected and services are much less used in other countries. Costco’s wide spread geographic presence though has its benefits, also exposes the company to the threat of foreign exchange rate fluctuations. Stated in the datamonitor, â€Å"Costco has operations in the US, Puerto Rico, Canada, the UK, Korea, Taiwan, Japan, Mexico and Australia. Thus, the company generates revenue in many other currencies besides its domestic currency which is the US dollar† (Costco Wholesale Corporation, 2011). Below listed is Costco SWOT analysis on Appendix A. Sam’s Club strengths are much stronger based on the fact of its association with Wal Mart but causing weakness because of the same products can be found in Sam’s Club where members have to pay for a membership and the Wal Mart supercenters may have more products to choose from without membership fees. In the readings of Real Estate Dynamics in Broadlines Retail, â€Å"SAM’S has the greatest geographic breadth of the three players, but the least attractive real estate and demographics: SAM’S faces the least competition with other clubs given that over 60% of the markets in which it has a presence are single-player club markets, and almost 40% of its store base is in these markets† (Turf Wars, pg. 55). The opportunities that Sam’s Club is offering online products and services, since Wal Mart also does online purchases, this gives the companies a greater advantage with Ecommerce. One of the weaknesses that Sam Club faces is that not only does the products and services overlaps with Wal Mart but also with other wholesale warehouse such as Costco. Below Listed is the SWOT analysis of Sam’s Club on Appendix B. Recommendation The recommendations for further actions within the organizations and the rationale chosen would be to focus more on the competitors’ products and services and match it or beat it by a certain percentage. There are two main retail wholesalers which are Costco and Sam’s club, keep as is ensures they are on top and not being able to monopolize the business. With antitrust laws, an agreement between competitors, this prevents the monopoly of powers, certain restrictions on mergers, and not only does it protect the sellers but also the buyers as well (www.antitrustlaws.org). References: Costco Wholesale Corporation SWOT Analysis. (2012). Costco Wholesale Corporation SWOT Analysis, 1-9. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. DATAMONITOR: Costco Wholesale Corporation. (2011). Costco Wholesale Corporation SWOT Analysis, 1-10. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Ian Palmer. Managing Organizational Change, 2nd Edition. McGraw-Hill Learning Solutions, 2008. . John, M. (n.d).Costco to Open First South Carolina Store with Promotional Giveaway. Post And Courier, The (Charleston, SC), Retrieved from EBSCOhost. The Warehouse Club Industry. (2004). Black Book – Turf Wars: Real Estate Dynamics in Broadlines Retail, 55-81. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Retrieved from the internet: http://www.antitrustlaws.org/ http://www.freeswotanalysis.com/retailing-swot/225-sams-club-swot-analysis.html http://www.yousigma.com/comparativeanalysis/costcowholesaleswot.pdf

H2So3

H2SO3 Sulfurous acid is the chemical compound with the formula H2SO3. H2SO3 is a clear, colorless liquid with a sulfurous odor. It is a weak acid that is formed when sulfur dioxide is dissolved in water. Sulfurous acid is used as a bleaching and chemical reducing agent that is often used in medicine, throat and nasal sprays and skin lotions. Antiseptics, anti-fermentative, and antizymotics include sulfites that are formed from the acid. This compound is only stable in aqueous solutions, and decomposes back into sulfur dioxide and water when left standing.In addition, sulfurous acid is a crucial component to acid rain (1). H2SO3 causes burns in all exposure routes, its target organs are the respiratory system if inhaled, eyes through direct contact, skin through direct contact and gastrointestinal system if ingested. However, there is no chronic health hazards with H2SO3 (2). If Sulfurous acid is inhaled medical attention should be sought out immediately, the individual should be remo ved from the exposure to a more ventilated area with fresh air.If breathing remains difficult oxygen should be given, mouth to mouth should not be given if Sulfurous acid is inhaled or ingested. If Sulfurous acid makes direct contact to the eyes the eyes should be flushed immediately with a great deal of water for 15 minutes while lifting the lower and upper lids of the eye. medical attention should be sought out. If direct contact is made to the skin medical attention again should be sought out immediately. The skin should be flushed with water for 15 minutes and the contaminated clothing removed.And lastly, if the compound should be ingested vomiting should not be induced, medical attention should be sought out and poison control contacted. (2) Having exposure to to this compounds decomposition product sulfur dioxide in the air can reduce lung function and increase the likelihood of respiratory diseases and symptoms it has also been known to cause irritation of the eyes, nose and throat along with premature mortality. The elderly, children and individuals suffering already from respiratory conditions such as asthma are at a higher risk than most (3).Environments storing or utilizing this compound should be furnished with an eyewash station and a safety shower. and the compound should only be used under a fume hood. Protective eyewear, gloves and clothing should be worn when dealing with Sulfurous acid. In addition, a respirator protection program should be in used. The compound should be stored in a cool, dry place in a tightly closed container. Spills of Sulfurous acid should be absorbed with inert material and put in onto appropriate container.Wear a self contained breathing apparatus and appropriate personal protection. (2) The material that is left behind and cannot be saved or recycled should be managed in an appropriate waste facility where it can be analyzed for specific disposal requirements. Some state and local disposal regulations differ from fede ral requirement. It is crucial that the disposal of the container and unused material meets federal, state and local disposal requirements. (2) Bibliography 2. DuPont. (2006, October 14).Sulfur dioxide[Material Safety Data Sheet]. Retrieved from http://msds. dupont. com/msds/pdfs/EN/PEN_09004a2f8000730a. pdf 1. D. Sulzle, M. Verhoeven, J. K. Terlouw, H. Schwarz (1988). â€Å"Generation and Characterization of Sulfurous Acid (H2SO3) and of Its Radical Cation as Stable Species in the Gas Phase†. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 27: 1533–4. 3. Ostro, Bart. 1994. â€Å"Estimating the Health Effects of Air Pollutants: A Method with an Application to Jakarta. † Policy Research Working Paper 1301.

Boccaccio’s 4 Moral Stories Essay

â€Å"†¦that just as stupidity can often remove one from a state of happiness and place him in the greatest misery, so, too can intelligence rescue the wise man from the greatest of dangers and restore him to his secure state† (Boccaccio 93-94) so begins the story of Saladin, who from the beginnings of pecuniary humbleness becomes a sultan, but because of his many wars (with Christians and other religions) he is short on money and must borrow from the Jew Melchisedech. This Jew was known to not give loans readily and so Saladin meant to hoodwink the moneylender. To this effect Saladin presented this question: Which religion is the one true path; Christian, Jewish, or Saracen? It is with this question that the story of the three rings is given. The story is told by Melchisedech in order to give Saladin a moral lesson. The story tells of a king who must give his ring to the next heir, as is the kingdom’s tradition. This king however has three obedient sons whom the king has promised the ring to each, in secret. In order so that his promise is kept to each son, the king makes the ring into its likeness twice. Thus, when the king dies and each son claims the throne, they each get their ring to prove their position. However, the rings are made in such similar fashion that no one can tell them apart. So, the sons decide to leave it that way. So too does Saladin leave his question to the Jew unanswered and decides to be frank with the man and come right out and ask for the money. The lesson is that there is no one true religion, and furthermore, as a way of wit, Boccaccio is stating that one cannot fool a Jew. The Monk, The Abbot and the Farm Woman In this story, Boccaccio delivers the narrative through the voice of Dioneo, whose story involves lies in order to save ones own body from mortal punishment, in this case, a monk. The monk, whose youth and vigor are not daunted by fasts or prayers, gives into his carnal pleasure one afternoon with a farm girl. The Abbot happens to be walking by and hears the commotion the two of them are making in the monk’s room. Instead of opening the door upon them then, the Abbot decides to wait. In waiting, the monk comes up with his own scheme. The Abbot soon gets the key to the monks room and upon seeing the young woman there, decides to take advantage of the situation, reciting this idiom to himself, â€Å"†¦a sin that’s hidden is half forgiven† (Boccaccio 98). The monk is reprimanded but tells the Abbot that his sin is shared with the Abbot (this is discovered through the monk explaining about the position of the Abbot and the farm woman’s sexual positions). Thus, unwilling to go to prison himself, the Abbot excuses the monk from prison. The moral lesson in this story is along the same lines as not being the one to throw the first stone; meaning, everyone sins, therefore, is judgment is to be given to anyone; it must be given equally or not at all. In the case of the Abbot and the monk, the punishment for their sins is not given at all. The Story of Balducci and his Son Balducci is a man who has lost wife. In so doing, he has lost his love. She however has left him their two year old son.   Without the great love in his life, Balducci renounces the world and decides to dedicate his remaining years to God, and to do the same for his son. Thus, the two family members are in service of God in a little hut on the top of Mount Asinaio. Miscommunication, or misleading input and sin is the theme of this story. When the son of the story goes into Florence with his father, he only has eyes for women. He has seen nothing so beautiful or charming. He asks his father if he may bring a ‘gosling’ home and feed it (for the father has told the son that the name for women is gosling). The father is refusing the sons request, and realizes that nature is more powerful than intelligence. In this realization the father feels he has lost all of the years of upbringing with his son for nature, or carnal pleasure has won. It is at this point that the narrator interrupts the story and tells of how women, their beauty, company, and decorum are what he chiefly desires. It is these desire that he has measured life by. Thus, the moral of this short piece of fiction is to not judge someone else’s desires by one’s own grief. The father merely wanted to spare his son the grief of knowing the death of your loved one.   Thus, the moral of the story becomes more about personal happiness and how that cannot be judged by anyone. Thus, pleasure is to be had in life and that is what the son is arguing for with his father, he is arguing for the pleasures of life. The Story of Tancredi and Ghismunda Tancredi is the prince of Salerno and it is his story with which the Fourth Day begins. The love of Tancredi’s life is his daughter. The ominous story teller says that Tancredi’s life would have been easier had he not had her, but the story begins this way in order for the reader to judge the qualities of such a life. Tancredi’s daughter is so beloved by him, that she is made to stay by his side for an extended amount of time. Although she has had many suitors, she has not married and is well past the age to have done so. Finally, Tancredi has her marry Duke of Capua. Unfortunately the Duke dies and thus Tancredi’s daughter returns to her father. She quickly realized that her father had no further intentions of giving her away in marriage again and so set about finding a suitable lover. Guiscardo is the valet of the Prince and is the one Ghismunda falls in love with. He returns the Prince’s daughter’s affections.   However, they are soon found out by the Prince. He has Guiscardo imprisoned and beckons his daughter why she would do this; why she would ingratiate herself with someone who is not noble enough to fraternize with. Ghismunda’s defense lies with answering for herself by stating that she is his daughter and will continue to lover Guiscardo even in death. She argues that it is the disposition of the young to want these things; love and desire.   She implores her father’s sense of self in this argument. In essence Ghismunda cannot deny her nature, and her nature is to love in a carnal and spiritual way. Thus, it is not her fault and she further defends herself by saying that she chose Guiscardo over all of the others because of his behavior and his noble nature not his noble birth (of which cannot lay claim to having been born in poor circumstances). She soon kills herself as Guiscardo had been ordered strangled and his heart cut from his body. On her death bed her father comes to her too late and repents for his cruelty, it is in this moment that the moral lesson is learned. The lesson is this: Do not repent too late for your sins, nor should one be cruel toward someone who is merely acting in their nature (in this case Ghismunda acting in her nature to love). Thus, the sin is not carnal pleasure in the story but the misunderstanding or misguided love of a father for his daughter and his negligence of her needs through only seeing to his own needs. Therefore the moral of the story is also selfishness.

Social Work Field Supervision Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Social Work Field Supervision - Essay Example From the beginning, she would not look me in the eye and seemed considerably nervous. I had noticed that whenever someone walked past Jones, she always tightened up as though ready to become reactive. As I gained the child’s trust, I began to approach her with concepts regarding the learning contract, as a mutual agreement that works toward a common goal. Jones indicated enthusiastically that she enjoyed school, letting me understand that we could talk comfortably about the subject in detail. I worked to let Jones understand that she is in charge of her own learning and completing that objective involved good behavior. Her stance became immediately defiant and she resumed her previous gesturing of dissatisfaction. As the child has a tendency to become hyper-stimulated, I quickly shifted the discussion back to a more positive school environment. In this case, the preferred learning style is that of reflective observation, under Kolb’s theory. This individual is â€Å"impartial†, â€Å"tentative†, and â€Å"reflective† and generally makes very careful observations; an introvert (casa.colorado.edu, n.d.). It is oftentimes easier to see the world through an observational lens without the barriers to self-exploration that might be caused by noise in the communication process inflicted by the social environment. Having a student like Jones, who clearly maintained a preferred learning style of concrete experience, made the interview a feelings-based discussion. Jones relied heavily on her peer guidance and tended to lean less toward authority in the process. When discussing school, she was enthusiastic, another evidence of peer reliance. When attempting to discuss the learning contract with Jones, she was open and direct with discussion when the emphasis of the discussion involved school activities. Being an observational learner ensures I am lecture-oriented with a somewhat rational approach,

Fire service administration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Fire service administration - Essay Example The case also comprised of varied civil cases, for instance, relatives of the dead and survivors who accused the then chief fire inspector for fraud and negligence. They state that he inspected the club at least twice and never indicated any faults made by the club owners in the club thus facilitating to the spreading of fire. Another civil case in the incidence is that of two brothers who owned the club accusing the white band floor using pyrotechnics without their permission. The latter equipments sparked up the fire before spread by the highly flammable flame. In the station nightclub fire, several functions of the US federal law to incidence like that are evident. For instance, the law ought to ensure safety of all its citizens everywhere at all times. For instance, the law required that station nightclub ought to have fitted certain safety equipments in the premises to combat occurrence of any such fatal incidences. The law also ought to be just and fair to all citizens. Certain accused parties like Michael and Jeffrey Derderian did not receive just sentences from their faults that spearheaded the ordeal. Public law generally encompasses of regulations set up by the federal regime and applies to all citizens in the government’s jurisdiction. These laws are set up by the government to oversee interactions between citizens and the state. However, in accordance to the United States criminal justice system private laws, it entails guidelines, standard operation procedures as well as regulations agreed upon by certain private entities to oversee their interoperations. Besides, the US government according to US federal constitution requires that certain social settings to attain a specific standard of safety requirements. According to station nightclub fire case, fitting of sprinklers in the club ought to be there as part of the

Undecided Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Undecided - Essay Example Sethe forcefully made a decision that would haunt her forever, to kill a life which had grown inside of her. Just because it was what she had to do. The sister of Vladek did the same thing in MAUS. She not only killed herself but also her three children to save them from a pain that death could not compare with and to save them from a life that would offer them only suffering and pain without any hope. The Holocaust is all about speaking about all the unspeakable things that happens in our lives but difficult to accept. The death suicide of wife, the struggle to stay alive while your family and friends die around you feet and the guilt of having survived was such things of Vladek's life. The pain of what Sethe went through is quite similar. She never gets to Beloved to tell her that what she did was right. She had a fear to loose Beloved. This fear was due to the fact that the unspeakable would never have been spoken. Art was the Beloved of Vladek. Art no doubt was the reminder of Richieu, Anja and of everything that he loved in this world. This is what made him speak the unspeakable thing. ... The entire family of Vladek was burned by the Nazis. He did what all was possible for him to save himself and the one that he loved. At the end of Volume I, Art has been begging Vladek to let him see the diary of his mother from the war. Vladek has not only thrown them away but burned them with the memories of Anja, Art's mother. Art walks away from Vladek's house thinking that Vladek is a "Murderer..". But on the other hand, if he had kept the diaries then he would have preserved the pain inside him. This was his way of dealing with the pain he had in his heart. In a scene in MAUS Volume II, Vladek don't find any harm in destroying a fly with pesticide and he knows that people were killed in Auschwitz with a pesticide gas, Zyclon B. but still, he thinks of destroying a bug this way without any hesitation. Again in the second volume, Art, his wife Francoise, and Vladek were driving home from the supermarket. Art's wife has decided to pick up a hitchiker, which happened to be black. V ladek lost it and claims that all colored people steal. Despite of being a survivor, he would have remained a victim of the Holocaust. The story is factual and a true portrayal of a life constantly in struggle. He fought to save himself from a pain worse than death. This was the pain of losing the wish to live. Vladek survived as a lonely old man. This makes this book really unique and memorable. It shows a vision of the

Effective negotiation skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Effective negotiation skills - Essay Example (Lewicki and Hiam, 2006, p. 42) In business situations we very often know when a negotiation situation is likely to happen and this allows us to gather information both on our own position and that of the other party. It is very important to have clear what the goal of the negotiation is. People often forget this, and get trapped into winning the argument for its own sake, without considering whether all the effort is going to bring the desired results in the end. In fact there may be times when winning the argument is not the best outcome: â€Å"There is no value in driving the best deal if it causes resentment and a desire for revenge that will sour business and could cost you more in the future than you could have saved in the short term.† (Steele and Beasor: 1999). It is wise also to consider what the alternatives would be if this proposed deal is not successfully resolved. A company which has many different suppliers, all offering good products at competitive prices will not need to bargain so hard with one particular customer because the fall back position is to go elsewhere. This means that before going in to a negotiation situation we should weigh up how strong our own position is in this respect, and try to figure out how much the other party needs and wants to make this agreement. In the opening phase of a negotiation it is important to try and build a good relationship with the other party and make the discussions pleasant and polite. In personal situations, however, this can be quite difficult at times. In my own personal life, for example, I recall having a very difficult discussion with my parents about going on holiday with my friends. I was in a weak position, because I desperately wanted to go, but relied on my parents for a part of the money, since I was still a teenager with only a part time job which did not pay well. My parents took, in my view, a very hard line and said that I was too young to go on holiday without supervision and t hey refused to give their permission. At the time I got angry and this started a huge family row. I told them that I felt they were old fashioned, out of date, and had fascist rules which were unfair to me. Due to the influence of my sister, who was, and still is, smarter about human relationships, I realized that my parents actually did not want to cause me pain, but were worried about my safety driving south in my friend’s car, and a possible bad influence from a particular boy in my circle of friends. I followed my sister’s advice, apologized to my parents about the outburst, and explained that this was important for me as a step towards independence. My parents clarified their concerns, and I told them, truthfully that the boy they were concerned about was not going on the holiday. They agreed to support my holiday, and I agreed to keep away from drugs and to telephone home every three days. My mistake in this negotiation was in demanding rather than asking, in an aggressive way, and in failing to establish what the reason for my parents’ objections were. I also failed, at first, to understand where my parents were coming from: â€Å"We must start a negotiation thinking about the pictures in the heads of the other party† (Diamond, 2010, p.135). Once I had understood their fears, the facts were clarified and a more respectful tone was adopted, we each put

Assignment 4 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

4 - Assignment Example However a points based comparative worth model, if strictly implemented will change this, resulting in greater wealth for many women, once it is proven that they do in fact have comparable experience. This will of course make many families happy because of the increase in family income. While approximately 20 local governments across the United States have implemented the comparable worth system, will it ever take off within the private sector? One of the issues which comparable worth brings about is an increase in the running costs of a business. This is because wages can only be equalized upwards and not downwards. For instance in many companies the cleaning staff is on lower wages than other blue collared workers. Furthermore in many white collared work areas, there is a strong variance in pay between roles which are regarded as executive versus clerical, when often times there is little by way of comparable worth between them. The response of a comparable worth program on workers will depend upon the specific workers. The one’s receiving a higher wage will be happy, whereas the others will probably feel undermined. Executive workers in many organizations for instance will often feel that their wages reflect their higher social position within the organization.

Vodafone in India Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Vodafone in India - Research Paper Example The political situation in India is democratic and stable which means that the companies can work in India and perform their day-to-day business activities with ease (Bowhill 2008). Recently a single party has an own majority in the elections considered in the country which is a boon for Vodafone as a company as policy decisions are likely to be taken with ease which will help the company. For companies like Vodafone, this presents a huge opportunity and a wide market that it can explore in order to proliferate mobile subscriber base for its business. People in India are family loving and family oriented (Neild and Carol 2008). To take advantage of the situation Vodafone has introduced lower call rates to help stay connected with family members at low cost. Vodafone has been part of these technological changes and introduced advanced technologies in their operational processes. Considering Environmental factors Vodafone markets itself as one which takes care of the environment as thi s plays as a good sentimental advantage and helps the company in long run. There has been recent turmoil that has been witnessed in the telecom sector in India. The turmoil has been witnessed in the spectrum allocation and 2G license. Vodafone as a major telecom company abides by the rules and regulations set by the Supreme Court avoiding any disputes that may affect the brand image. Vodafone has researched on the Indian market and came up with plans to cater the needs of the Indian consumers.

Ten Point Agenda in Basic Education Essay Example for Free

Ten Point Agenda in Basic Education Essay 1. 12-year Basic Education Cycle (K+12) Our President is planning to expand the basic education cycle, from a 10-year cycle to a globally-comparable 12 years, for our public school children. At present, we are the only country in Asia that has a 10-year cycle for basic education. Those who can afford basic education get into the best universities and the best jobs after graduation. 2. Universal preschooling for all All public school children will have preschool as their introduction to formal schooling by 2016, and he will make this available to all children regardless of income. With regards to pre-schooling, I think this program was implemented already by previous administration. We had already our Day Care Centers managed by Day Care Worker. This program is under the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) with the Municipal Nutrition Action Officer (MNAO) as the head of the Day Care Workers. 3. Madaris education (Madrasah) as a sub-system within the education system President Noynoy Aquino wants full basic education for all Muslim Filipino children. According to him, this is to give proper respect to their culture while providing a sound curriculum in English, Filipino, Science, and Math. Madaris education, with subjects in Arabic language and Islamic Values Education, can be integrated in our public school curriculum as additional subjects. 4. Technical vocational education as an alternative stream in senior high school. He will reintroduce technical-vocational education in our public high schools to better link schooling to local industry needs and employment. We need to provide an educational alternative to better prepare the students for the world of work. 5. â€Å"Every child a reader† by Grade 1 By the end of the next administration, every child must be a reader by Grade 1. At the core of our children’s non-learning problems is the inability to read properly. By the end of the next administration (SY 2015-16), every child passing pre-school must be a reader by Grade 1. I think this is the responsibility of the parents to teach their children how to read while at home. Modesty aside, our parents taught us how to read when we were still young even if they were just both an elementary graduate. 6. Science and Math proficiency Our President is also planning to rebuild the science and math infrastructure in schools so that we can produce more scientists, engineers, technicians, technologists and teachers in our universities so that this country can be more globally compatible in industry and manufacturing. To build a culture for science and math, he is also planning to promote science and math clubs and fairs. In our school, we have Student Technologist and Entrepreneur of the Philippines (STEP) Competition and Mathematics Week Celbration. 7. Assistance to private schools as essential partners in basic education The President is planning to expand government assistance to private education. A strong private school system will strengthen our public schools by providing parents an alternative and not adding to the overcrowding. One concrete example is the Fund for Assistance to Private Education (FAPE). They have this program Educational Service Contract (ESC). A student in a private school can apply as ESC Scholar provided that he or she is deserving to become a scholar. In other words, his/her academic records are good. I think, no grade below 80% is one of their requirements. Modesty aside, I was once an ESC scholar before when I was still in high school (ehem!). By the way, another requirement is the Income Tax Return (ITR) of the parents. 8. Medium of instruction rationalized President Aquino wanted the Philippines to become a trilingual nation: Learn English well and connect to the world. Learn Filipino well and connect to our country. He said: â€Å"Retain your dialect and connect with your heritage.† I think this will be realized. 9. Quality textbooks Our President also will not tolerate poor textbook quality in our schools. Textbooks will be judged by three criteria: quality, better quality, and more quality. Poor quality textbooks have no place in our schools according to him. I have noticed that some of our textbooks have wrong information. There was a time that I read a book and it says: â€Å"Clouds are blue.† Where in this world that you can find clouds with blue color? There are also some words that are misspelled. This will be the job of the National Book Review Board. They must see to it that all books have three criteria: quality, better quality, and more quality. 10. Covenant with the local governments to build more schools President Noynoy Aquino is planning to build more schools in areas where there are no public or private schools in partnership with local governments, as well address our persistent classroom and teacher shortages. We need more schools with smaller populations so that teachers, students and parents can form a real learning community. This time, there is now a Local School Board (LSB) with the District Supervisor as the Chairman and the Municipal Mayor as the Co-Chairman or vice versa. In our school, we have 5 teachers who are still LSB Funded.

Oxidation States of Tin. Preparation of Tin (IV) Iodide

Oxidation States of Tin. Preparation of Tin (IV) Iodide The Oxidation States of Tin. Preparation of Tin (IV) iodide and Tin (II) iodide.   Introduction: Alfred Werner, a Swedish chemist, determined the octahedral coordination of Werner complexes and gave rise to the field of coordination chemistry. The complexes contained a central transition metal bonded surrounded by a number of negatively or positively charged molecules. The coordination of the structures where unknown until Werner discovered the coordination of Hexaaminecobalt (II) chloride, which is written in many ways, suggesting different coordination of the atoms. The purpose of the experiment conducted is to determine the coordination of three Werner complexes and characterize their structural formulas through a variety of techniques. The techniques utilized are analysis of free chlorides, measuring the conductance, magnetic susceptibility, and of hexaaminecobalt (II) chloride, pentaamine cobalt (II) chloride, and hexaaminemickel (II) chloride. By titrating the complexes with silver nitrate solution, a precipitate of silver chloride forms and precipitates out of the solution. The non-bonding chlorides in the complexes are reacting with silver forming a precipitate with a low solubility. By calculating the amount of silver nitrate that was used in the titration, we can determine the amount of silver chloride that precipitated out of solution, this results in the amount of free chloride in the solution. Comparing the ratios of silver chloride produced to Werner complex in the solution, free chloride ions can be determined. The conductance of complexes was also determined. The conductance of the complexes corresponds to the ions that are present within the solution. The electrical conductivity the complexes are measured once dissolved in water, the anions and cations dissolve in water. This allows for the determination of structure for metal complexes. The last technique used was the determination of unpaired electrons in the werner complexes. The Werner complexes were either diamagnetic or paramagnetic, as the contained paired or unpaired electrons which were calculated. Experimental/Observations: Part 1: Synthesis of Hexaaminecobalt III chloride (Co(NH3)6)Cl3 : In an Erlenmeyer flask, a solution containing 4.689g of cobalt III chloride (CoCl2Ά¡6H2O, a dark purple crystal), 3.005 g of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl, opaque yellowish crystal) and 5ml of water was heated. The solution started out purple and over time, as it was heated, a color change was noted. Solution turned dark blue over time. Decolorizing charcoal was added, causing the solution to become much dark. 10ml of concentrated ammonia (NH3) was added to the solution causing it to become brownish/red in color. After the solution was to cooled, 10ml of a 6% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was added, the solution was heated for 20 minutes at 600C. The solution was then cooled again and vacuum filtered. The bright reddish/brown product was then transferred to a solution containing 2ml of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and 40ml of water. The filtrate was then gravity filtered and another 5ml of concentrated HCl was added. The filtrate was cooled once again and vacuumed filtered. 2.8591g of the bright reddish/brown product was dried and was isolated at a yield of 36%.. Part 2: Synthesis of Pentaaminecobalt III chloride (Co(NH3)5)Cl3 : 7.5g of NH4Cl was dissolved in 15ml of 14M NH3. Finely ground CoCl2Ά¡6H2O was added the ammonia solution, in small portions, while it was agitated. The solution was initially   purple and transparent and adding the the cobalt crystals resulted in the formation of a brown slurry. 7.5 ml of 30% H2O2 was slowly added to the brown slurry, causing an effervescence reaction to occur, releasing a white gas and becoming much darker. Once the effervescence had subsided 45ml of HCl was added to the solution. The solution was heated to 850C and agitated for 20 minutes, then cooled down as a two layered solution was formed. A top blue layer and a bottom dull pink layer. The precipitate was then vacuum filtered and washed with 30 ml of ice cold water, 6M HCl, and 100% ethanol. 6.5729g of the purple product was dried and isolated with a yield of 80%. Part 3: Synthesis of hexaaminenickel III chloride (Ni(NH3)6)Cl2 : 1.2g of hydrated NiCl2, a fine light green powder, was dissolved in 95% ethanol. 5ml of 14M NH3 was added to the nickel solution as it was brought to a boil. The addition of the ammonia lead to the formation of a faint purple precipitate that was vacuum filtered and wash with ethanol. 0.58g was isolated with a †¦ % yield. Analysis of Compounds: The products were analyzed to determine their magnetic susceptibility, conductance and the amount of free chloride in solution. The conductance measurements were obtained for all three products through the Sherwood scientific apparatus. 50 ml of 110-3 M aqueous solution of each of the products was prepared by dissolving 0.01570g of Ni(NH3)6Cl2, 0.01252 g of Co(NH3)6)Cl3 and 0.01337g of Co(NH3)5)Cl3 in a 50 ml volumetric flask. The conductance measure was then taken. A Johnson-Matthey magnetic susceptibility balance was used to determine the magnetic moment of each of the three products. The products were packed into a tube and the reading was taken. The analysis of free chlorides was carried out on both cobalt solutions. 0.05g of the cobalt products was dissolved in a 50ml Erlenmeyer flask and titrated with silver nitrate solution. Fluorescein was used as an indicator and the end point was determined to be a bright pink layer of the cobalt solution. Data: Table 1. Results for the synthesis of Co(NH3)6)Cl3, Co(NH3)5)Cl3 and Ni(NH3)6)Cl2 Actual yield Percent yield A Theoretical yield B (Co(NH3)6) Cl3 2.8591g 54.2% 5.272g (Co(NH3)5)Cl3 6.5729g 83.29% 7.891g (Ni(NH3)6)Cl2 0.58g 49.23% 1.170g Sample calculation for percent and theoretical yeild of Co(NH3)6) Cl3 : Table 2. Results for the analysis of free chlorides for (Co(NH3)6)Cl3 and (Co(NH3)5)Cl3 Volume of AgNO3 Mass of compound Moles of free Cl- (Co(NH3)6)Cl3 0.532 ml 0.514ml 0.05g 3 (CO(NH3)5)Cl3 0.417ml 0.515ml 0.05g 2 Sample calculation for moles of free cholride for Co(NH3)6) Cl3 : Table 3. Results for Conductance Measurements for three compounds Molar conductance (ohm-1cm2mole-1) Number of ions C Lit. ValuesC (ohm-1cm2mole-1) Co(NH3)6Cl3 297.6 4 235 273 Co(NH3)5Cl3 100.8 2 118 135 Ni(NH3)6)Cl2 234.3 3 235 273   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   C) Values obtained from appendix from corresponding molar conductance values. Table 4. Results for the magnetic susceptibility for the three compounds ÃŽ §g (emu mol-1) ÃŽ §Meas ÃŽ §Dia ÃŽ §Para  µeff S Unpaired electrons (Co(NH3)5) Cl3 -3.046*10-8 -3.25*10-6 -190.2 * 10-6 0.0001864 0.6625 0.235 0 (Co(NH3)6)Cl3 -2.603*10-8 -6.507*10-6 -177.2*10-6 0.0001706 0.6326 0.2236 0 (Ni(NH3)6)Cl2 -1.015*10-7 -2.345*10-5 -166.7*10-6 0.0000713 0.020 0.010 0 Sample calculation for (Co(NH3)5) Cl3 : Chemical Equations: In the three-chemical reactions, the metals reacted with the amine forming the products. The chemical reactions are as follows: Part 1: 2CoCl2Ά¡6H2O(s) + 2NH4Cl+10NH3(aq) + H2O2(aq) + 3H2O(l) à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   2Co(NH3)6Cl3 + 1/2O2(g) Part 2: 2CoCl2Ά¡6H2O(s) + 2NH4Cl+8NH3(aq) + H2O2(aq) + 3H2O(l) à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   2Co(NH3)5Cl3 + 1/2O2(g) Part 3: NiCl2Ά¡6H2O(s) + 6NH3(aq) à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   Ni(NH3)6Cl2(s) + 6H2O(l) An oxidation reduction reaction was occurring as hydrogen peroxide was added to the cobalt solutions and used to reduce the cobalt to its 2+ state. The redox reaction is as follows: R: H2O2 à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   H3O+ + 1/2O2 + e  Ã‚     Ã‚   (1) O: Co3+ + e à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   Co2+  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (2) Discussion: To determine the structure of the three complexes, three different techniques where utilized. A magnetic subspecialty measurement, a conductance measurement, and an analysis of free chlorides in each of the three products. Visible color changes were observed in the formation of the brightly colored products indicating that a successful reaction had occurred. The change of color is due to the change in oxidation state. Hydrogen peroxide was used in the reduction of cobalt complexes producing two differently colored cobalt complexes. The in the oxidation reaction we see a change in oxidation state of Co from 3+ to 2+ as hydrogen peroxide is being oxidized. A change in oxidation state causes the solution to change color as the metal complexes contain electrons that absorb light energy and jump to an excited state in a different molecular orbital Analysis of free chloride. A solution containing 0.05g of Co(NH3)6Cl3 and Co(NH3)5Cl3 was titrated with a silver nitrate solution. The number of moles of free chloride ions was then calculated through their mole ratios. It was determined that Co(NH3)6Cl3 solution contained3 free chloride ions while (Co(NH3)5Cl3 solution contained 2 free chloride ions. The calculated ratios (Table 2) of free chloride ions indicates whether the Chlorine ions are bonded with the cobalt complex, as free chloride ions will precipitate out of the solution in the presence of silver nitrate. From this we can assume that 2 moles of chlorine are not bonded to in cobalt complex in Co(NH3)5) Cl3 while all 3 moles of chlorine are not bonded to the cobalt complex in Co(NH3)6)Cl3. We can conclude that chlorine helps stabilize the positive charge of cobalt complex in Co(NH3)6)Cl3 while a single chloride ions is bonded to the cobalt complex of Co(NH3)5Cl3. Fluorescing, the indicator used in the titration, was added t o the solution with 2ml of 2% dextrin solution. The dextrin solution prevents the coagulation of AgCl and the prevention of the AgCl aggregate on the surface of the solution. Molar conductance. A solution of all three products was prepared with a concentration of 10-3M. The molar conductance reading was then taken at 20.50C on a Sherwood scientific apparatus. The conductance values were obtained and compared to the literature values and the number ions of each solution can be determined. Co(NH3)6Cl6 had a conductance value of 297.6 ohm-1cm2mole-1. From the corresponding literature value, this conductance is due the presence of 4 ions in one mole solution. Similarly, Co(NH3)5Cl5 and Ni(NH3)6Cl2 had molar conductance value of 100.8 and 234.3 ohm-1cm2mole-1 which correspond to 2 and 3 ions per mole of solution respectively. From this we can determine the formula of each of the compounds. In hexaaminecobalt (III) chloride, 4 total ions are present which results in one from Co(NH3)62+ + 3Cl. In pentaaminecobalt (III) chloride, 2 ions are present, one from Co(NH3)52+ + Cl. In pentaaminenickel (II) chloride, 3 total ions are present, one from Ni(NH3)52+ + 2Cl. H owever, for data from the analysis of free chloride does not confer with the molar conductivity of the pentaaminecobalt (II) chloride complex. From the analysis of free chlorides, it was determined that one mole of the complex contained 2Cl while the molar conductance suggest 2moles of chloride ion. This discrepancy may be due to the product not being fully dried, and the moisture water may interact and distort the reading of conductance. Magnetic Susceptibility. The magnetic susceptibility was carried out on a Johnson-Matthey apparatus that determines the magnetic moment of each complex. Through calculating Spin values it was determined that both Cobalt (Co3+) complexes, with a d6 electron configuration, does not have any unpaired electrons as the spin values were close to 0. From this, we can assume that the electrons are in a low spin state as Hunds rule of multiplicity suggest that electrons would be paired with altering spin states, and unpairing the electrons would require an increase in energy to overcome Δ0. The Nickel (Ni2+) complex contain two unpaired electrons. Its d8 electron configuration, with 2 unpaired electrons in a high spin state. The low spin state would not be observed as paring the two electrons was require extra energy. The three compounds, (Co(NH3)6) Cl3, (Co(NH3)5)Cl3, (Ni(NH3)6)Cl2 were successfully produced and to give yields of 54.2%, 83.29%and 49.23% respectively for the three compounds. The yields of (Co(NH3)6) Cl3 and (Ni(NH3)6)Cl2 is rather low but it to be expected as the sample may have been lost during the vacuum filtration process while being transferred. The coordination of the three complexes was determined to be Co(NH3)6Cl3, Co(NH3)5Cl)Cl2 and Ni(NH3)5Cl2. Conclusion: The purpose of the experiment was to characterize the structural formulas werener complexes through the synthesis of Co(NH3)6Cl3, Co(NH3)5)Cl3 and Ni(NH3)5Cl2 and the coordination of the compounds was determined to be Co(NH3)6Cl3, Co(NH3)5Cl)Cl2 and Ni(NH3)5Cl2 . The characterizations were conducted with three techniques that determined the moles of free chloride ions, conductance and magnetic moment of the three complexes. The analysis of free chloride ions determined that 3 and 2 chloride ions were present per mole of the two cobalt complexes. Indicating that Cl is bonded to Co(NH3)62+ complexes, while non-bonded to the Co(NH3)5, but function to stabilize the charge on the complex. The molar conductance of the complexes resulted in the presence of 4,2 and 3 total ions for the three Werner complexes. Lastly, the magnetic moment of three complexes was determined and the spin states where calculated. It was determined that both cobalt complexes (Co3+) contained 0 unpaired electrons, i n a d6 diamagnetic electron configuration, in a low spin state. The nickel complex was found to contain 2 unpaired electrons, in a d8 paramagnetic electron configuration, with 2 electrons in the high spin state. References: Simon Fraser University. Inorganic Chemistry, Chemistry 236W laboratory manual: 2016. Vol. 1.81. Print. 9 -10 Miessler, G. L.; Tarr, D. A. Inorganic chemistry; Prentice Hall: Boston, 2011.

Paul, the Motherly Paterfamilias Essay -- History Paul Historical Essa

Paul, the Motherly Paterfamilias Introduction In Paul's time the role of paterfamilias in Roman households—as well as in general society—was that of an authoritarian ruler with absolute control over all people in his realm. In his letters to the congregations that he had founded and towards which he felt paternal affection, the apostle Paul transcended this dominating relationship by expressing deep emotions of longing and affection. He also nurtured them by sharing his life with them and helping them resocialize to Christianity. Role of the Paterfamilias During Paul's time, the ruling Roman tradition understood the family as the basis of society and the paterfamilias as the literal "head of the family." This man, the oldest male in direct line within his familia, had unprecedented power in the form of patria potestas ("paternal power").[1] The unlimited authority that he exercised over all members of his household (children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren were all under his omnipotent hand) did not end when they grew up, rather the paterfamilias controlled every aspect of their lives (from collecting their income to allowing their marriages) until his death. His reign extended over the whole of the domus ("household"), meaning that slaves were in a similar relationship. Children and slaves were both owned by the paterfamilias because "they are both born into their parents' household and require to be supported."[2] He even had ius vitae nescisque, the right of life and death over the members of his family.[3] Such was the supr emacy of paternal power that the second century lawyer Gaius was moved to say: "virtually no other men have over their sons a power such as we have."[4] Aristotle had maintained that... ...70), 157. [26] Charles Wanamaker, "'Like A Father Treats His Own Children': Paul and the Conversion of the Thessalonians," Journal of Theology for Southern Africa 92 (1995): 51. [27] 1 Thess. 2:9 (NIV) [28] Philip Esler, "Imagery and Identity in Gal. 5.13 to 6.10," in Constructing Early Christian Families, pp. 121-149. Edited by Halvor Moxnes (New York: Routledge, 1997), 122. [29] Sara Ruddick, "Maternal Thinking," in Mothering: Essays in Feminist Theory, pp. 213-30. Edited by Joyce Trebilcot (Savage: Rowman & Littlefield, 1983), 226. [30] Barbara Katz Rathman, "Beyond Mothers and Fathers: Ideology In a Patriarchal Society," in Mothering, Ideology, Experience, Agency, pp.139-60. Edited by E.N. Gelnn, G. Chang and L.R. Forcey (New York: Routledge, 1994), 155. [31] Rathman, "Beyond Mothers and Fathers," 157. [32] Ruddick, "Maternal Thinking," 227.

The World as a Wasteland: A Comparison of Two American Modern Poets, Ro

â€Å"[F]uture commentators on American poetry and political issues will not be able to ignore the †¦ authentic voice of the region,† argues Barry Ahearn, author of the article Poetry: 1900 to the 1940s, which discusses the importance of the author writing about his or her region of choice in their poetry and how it affects their writing (Ahearn 373). Ahearn discusses writers such as Sterling A. Brown, Langston Hughes, H.D. (Hilda Doolittle), Robert Frost, Robinson Jeffers, Edna St. Vincent Millay, Lorine Niedecker, George Oppen, John Crowe Ransom, Charles Rezikoff, Muriel Rukeyser, Gertrude Stine, Wallace Stevens, Sara Teasdale, William Carlos Williams, and Louis Zukofksy. The purpose of mentioning so many, claims Ahearn, is to gather a survey of works between 1900 and the 1940s. The discussion of these writers creates a wide range of Modernist authors that influenced each other and the people who read their works; the author claims that the authenticity of the writer is what creates a more accurate work of literature and the life experiences of these authors is the material that adds to their writing as a whole. For example, Robert Frost and Langston Hughes are regional writers that focus on specific places but have similar qualities in their poems that transcend the locale. Two poems exemplify these qualities -- â€Å"Stopping By Woods on a Snowy Evening† with â€Å"Birches† by Robert Frost and â€Å"Theme for English B† with â€Å"Visitors to the Black Belt† by Langston Hughes. Both authors express their world as a wasteland; their environments are portrayed in poor or discouraging light due to human intrusion, or lack thereof, within their communities. Modernist Poetry involves a movement away from the self and the emotions of the individual. Typical... ...5. EDS Foundation Index. Web. 18 Apr. 2012. Frost, Robert. â€Å"Birches.† The Norton Anthology Of American Literature. 7th. Vol. D. Ed. Leffelholz, Mary. New York: Norton & Company, 2007. 1400-1402. Print. Frost, Robert. â€Å"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening.† The Norton Anthology Of American Literature. 7th. Vol. D. Ed. Leffelholz, Mary. New York: Norton & Company, 2007. 1403. Print. Hughes, Langston. â€Å"Theme for English B.† The Norton Anthology Of American Literature. 7th. Vol. D. Ed. Leffelholz, Mary. New York: Norton & Company, 2007. 2036. Print. Hughes, Langston. â€Å"Visitors to the Black Belt.† The Norton Anthology Of American Literature. 7th.Vol. D. Ed. Leffelholz, Mary. New York: Norton & Company, 2007. 2032. Print. Leffelholz, Mary. The Norton Anthology Of American Literature. 7th. D. New York: Norton & Company, 2007. 1177-1191. Print.

The Scarlet Pimpernel :: Free Essay Writer

The Scarlet Pimpernel In 1792, during the French Revolution, a figure named the Scarlet Pimpernel saved many aristocrats from the French. Using daring plots and disguises he escaped from the French and his archenemy, Chauvlin. The richest man in England, Sir Percy Blakenley was married to the most beautiful woman in France, LadyMarguerite Blankenley. Sir Percy was an important character in The Scarlet Pimpernel. The story took place in both England and France. It started in Paris, France at the scene of the guillotine. Some of the story took place at The Fisherman's Rest in Dover, England. Otherparts of the story took place at Sir Percy's house in Richmond, England, The Chat Gris in Calais, France, Lord Greenville's Ball and The Covent Garden Theatre in England. The theme of the story was love and courage. It showed how much Sir Percy cared about and loved Marguerite. Marguerite once loved him, but now took him for granted and thought of him as a fop. It also limned how brave Sir Percy, The Scarlet Pimpernel, was in risking his life for the lives of the aristocrats. The Scarlet Pimpernel and a small band of devoted followers had dedicated their lives and fortunes to saving the innocent aristocrats of the French Revolution and the horror of the guillotine. They risked their lives on numerous occasions and rescued many French noblesse bringing them to the safety and security of England. Sir Percy Blakenley, one of the wealthiest men in England, was married to Lady Marguerite St. Just who was thought to be themost beautiful and smartest woman in Europe. She was perceived asa traitor to the French cause for having betrayed the Marquis de St. Cyr and his whole family to the bloody guillotine. This she was duped into doing because of her brother, Armond, who was almost killed by them for having dared to love the daughter of anaristocrat. Therefore Sir P ercy showed no love toward Marguerite and acted the part of a fool. She thought Sir Percy to be a vain,pompous dandy and could not conceive how she ever married him. Inspite of this she still had feelings of love for him. Sir Percy loved her deeply, though he also hated and detested her for what she did. He was emotionally torn between love and hate though he would have given or done anything for her, save revealing his true identity as The Scarlet Pimpernel.

Final Exam Solved Essay

Hahn Company uses the percentage of sales method for recording bad debts expense. For the year, cash sales are $300,000 and credit sales are $1,200,000. Management estimates that 1% is the sales percentage to use. What adjusting entry will Hahn Company make to record the bad debts expense? 2) Using the percentage of receivables method for recording bad debts expense, estimated uncollectible accounts are $15,000. If the balance of the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts is $3,000 credit before adjustment, what is the amount of bad debts expense for that period? 3) Intangible assets. Intangible assets are the rights and privileges that result from ownership of long-lived assets that 5) The book value of an asset is equal to the 6) Gains on an exchange of plant assets that has commercial substance are 7) Ordinary repairs are expenditures to maintain the operating efficiency of a plant asset and are referred to as 8) Costs incurred to increase the operating efficiency or useful life of a plant asset are referred to as 9) When an interest-bearing note matures, the balance in the Notes Payable account is 10) The interest charged on a $200,000 note payable, at a rate of 6%, on a 2-month note would be. If a corporation issued $3,000,000 in bonds which pay 10% annual interest, what is the annual net cash cost of this borrowing if the income tax rate is 30%? 12) Hilton Company issued a four-year interest-bearing note payable for $300,000 on January 1, 2011. Each January the company is required to pay $75,000 on the note. How will this note be reported on the December 31, 2012 balance sheet? 13) A corporation issued $600,000, 10%, 5-year bonds on January 1, 2011 for 648,666, which reflects an effective-interest rate of 8%. Interest is paid semiannually on January 1 and July 1. If the corporation uses the effective-interest method of amortization of bond premium, the amount of bond interest expense to be recognized on July 1, 2011, is 14) When the effective-interest method of bond discount amortization is used 15) If a corporation has only one class of stock, it is referred to as 16) Capital stock to which the charter has assigned a value per share is called 17) ABC, Inc. has 1,000 shares of 5%, $100 par value, cumulative preferred stock and 50,000 shares of $1 par value common stock outstanding at December 31, 2011. What is the annual dividend on the preferred stock? 18) Manner, Inc. Has 5,000 shares of 5%, $100 par value, noncumulative preferred stock and 20,000 shares of $1 par value common stock outstanding at December 31, 2011. There were no dividends declared in 2010. The board of directors declares and pays a $45,000 dividend in 2011. What is the amount of dividends received by the common stockholders in 2011? 19) When the selling price of treasury stock is greater than its cost, the company credits the difference to 21) Marsh Company has other operating expenses of $240,000. There has been an increase in prepaid expenses of $16,000 during the year, and accrued liabilities are $24,000 lower than in the prior period. Using the direct method of reporting cash flows from operating activities, what were Marsh’s cash payments for operating expenses? 22) Where would the event purchased land for cash appear, if at all, on the indirect statement of cash flows? 23) In performing a vertical analysis, the base for cost of goods sold is 24) Blanco, Inc. has the following income statement (in millions): Using vertical analysis, what percentage is assigned to Net Income? 25) Dawson Company issued 500 shares of no-par common stock for $4,500. Which of the following journal entries would be made if the stock has a stated value of $2 per share? Andrews, Inc. paid $45,000 to buy back 9,000 shares of its $1 par value common stock. This stock was sold later at a selling price of $6 per share. The entry to record the sale includes a 27) Which of the following is a fundamental factor in having an effective, ethical corporate culture? 28) Two individuals at a retail store work the same cash register. You evaluate this situation as 29) The Sarbanes-Oxley Act imposed which new penalty for executives? 30) The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires that all publicly traded companies maintain a system of internal controls. Internal controls can be defined as a plan to

Investment: Time Value of Money Essay

Investment is the use of money for a future financial gain. Investments may come in the form of shares of stock, life insurance, government bonds, or putting up a savings account. Every investment decision has its underlying risks and uncertainties. Various factors can affect investment decisions and outcomes such as annuities and time value of money. Money has a time value. A dollar now is worth more than a dollar to be received at any later date. Many economic decisions involve investing money now in the hope of receiving more money later on. Various economic factors affect the time value of money such as risk, inflation, opportunity cost, and others. According to Robert C. Higgins (1999), â€Å"time value of money exists for at least three reasons†. Robert C. Higgins (1999) stated that â€Å"inflation reduces the purchasing power of future dollars relative to current ones, uncertainties surrounding the receipt of dollar increases as the date of receipt draw away, and because of the presence of opportunity cost†. In economics, inflation is a decline in the value of money in relation to the goods and services it can buy. Inflation can affect time value of money and investment decisions. Due to inflation, borrowers usually benefit while lenders suffer, because mortgage, personal, business, and government loans are paid with money that loses purchasing power over time (Encarta, 2004). It is important to understand however, that borrowers only benefit when the inflation is unexpected, when inflation is expected by creditors, the interest rate they charges rises to compensate for the unexpected decline in the purchasing power of the principal loan (Encarta, 1999). Risk or financial risk is defined as the possibility of loss in an investment. Investment decisions involve some type of risk because of the time value of money. Lenders should take into consideration various factors before extending credit such as the borrower’s ability to pay or collaterals. Interest rates on loans can also be based on the degree of risk involved. The higher the risk involved the higher interest rate. On the other hand, lower interest is imposed on low-risk loans. As mentioned above, investment decisions has its underlying risk and uncertainties, therefore before making investment decisions it is important to understand the risks and uncertainties involved. Opportunity cost is defined as the expected income on the next best alternative or the income foregone if an investor chooses one action over another (Higgins, 1999). A dollar today is worth more than a dollar in the future since money today can be invested for it to double in the future. Opportunity cost depends on what action is to be considered. Before making decisions, an investor must first look for and obtain an understanding of all the available alternative courses of action. After determining the various alternatives, the differential effects of each alternative should be considered to avoid potential problems in the future. Interest is the payment made for the use of another person’s money and is regarded as a payment made for capital (Encarta, 2004). Interest can be affected by economic factors such as inflation. When interest is computed based on the principal amount, it is called simple interest. However, when interest is computed not only on the principal amount but also on the cumulative total of past interest payments, the process of interest computation is now called compounding. Compounding is the process of determining the future value of a present sum (Higgins, 1999). The interest rate used on compounding is called the compound interest rate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Discounting, on the other hand is the exact opposite of compounding. Discounting is the process of finding the present value of a future sum (Higgins, 1999). The interest rate used in discounting is called the discount rate. The amount of money to be received in a future date is usually a combination of the original investment and the interest on that investment. Discounts are rewards or considerations given on the purchase of negotiable instruments such as bills of exchange and promissory notes in advance of their maturity date. When these negotiable instruments are said to be discounted, discounts are regarded as advance collection of interest on the loans. An annuity is a type of investment that can provide a steady stream of income over along period of time (Understanding annuities, 2006). Annuity is an annual allowance, payment, or income derived from funds especially designated for the purpose (Encarta, 2004). At times, it is required to compute for the present value of a series of equal amounts to be received at the end of a series of years. Annuity earnings grow tax-deferred and are usually purchased by investors who are primarily concerned with limiting their taxes (Understanding annuities, 2006). The rule of 72 is a method of estimating an investment’s doubling time or halving time (Rule of 72, 2006). The Rule of 72 estimates the number of years it takes for an investment’s value to double at a specific interest rate or rate of return and the result can be obtained by dividing the expected growth rate into 72 to determine the number of years it will take to double. By taking into consideration the rule of 72, investors can assess the length of time in which their investment can double and to determine if their investments are feasible. Investing involves the decision of committing resources such as money for a period of time. Evaluating investment decisions involve the determination and assessment of the possible inherent risks and uncertainties. An effective investing decision requires a consideration of the time value of money. References Encarta Reference Library 2004. Microsoft Corporation Higgins, R. (1999). Analysis for financial management. Evaluating investment opportunities (pp 231-266). Washington. Irwin McGraw Hill. Rule of 72 (2006). Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved December 3, 2006 from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruleof72 Understanding annuities (2006). Retrieved December 3, 2006 from: http://www.tdi.state.tx.us/consumer/cb078.html   

Employee Portfolio Management Plan

As a manager at Riordan Manufacturing I recently had three employees take a series of self-assessments. I did this so that I could help manage them effectively. Now that I have these assessments, I will create an Employee Portfolio for each of the employees as a help guide in developing ways to manage them. The first assessment taken was, how satisfied am I with my job? This basically is your general attitude about the job. The higher the score the more satisfied the employee. Amber scored the highest at 73 points. Amber is a highly motivated employee, but complains very openly when she is upset. Chris scored a 62 on the assessment. He is a positive employee but could be more flexible on his working habits. Last is Taylor, who scored a 58. She is motivated but likes to go out of her way to help others. This has caused a few problems in branch she works in. The second assessment taken was the am I engaged? This scale measures work engagement. The higher the score, the more engaged an employee. Taylor scored the highest on this assessment with a 35. Taylor is determined to do the job right but sometimes gets too detail oriented. This causes her work to be late. Chris scored a 32 on the assessment. Chris is a natural leader but has a tendency to get too involved with some of his surroundings. Last is Amber who scored a 25. Amber is persistent which can result in unnecessary talking. The third assessment is how are you feeling right now? This scale ranges 10 to 50, the higher the score the more positive the emotions. Taylor scored the highest at 39; she is a very upbeat young lady who can be emotionally sensitive at times. Next is Chris with 32, he is a self-confident young man but sometimes is insensitive to the needs of others. Last is Amber who scored 27. Amber is a happy individual but gets easily depressed if something upsetting happens. The next assessment is what’s my affect intensity? This assessment measures the strength of an emotion. Scores range from 10 to 50, the higher the score; the more intense the emotion is felt. You can read also Portfolio Management Quizzes Taylor scored a 35, Amber scored a 28, and Chris scored a 23. My recommendations to the three employees are as follows: Taylor should complete her task in the time allowed and not worry about the small insignificant details. Amber should not get too caught up in non-work related conversations. This takes away from the company and allows for personal problems to take place. My recommendations to Chris are that when in social settings, keep it social. When at work, keep it work related.

Sunset on a Beach

The sun peaked through the horizon, if saying a final goodbye to this California beach bed. Before leaving she gave me a gift of pure peace and serenity. Holding my eyes prisoner to the heavenly sight she put in front of me. While my feet were held into the grainy sand in desperate need of warmth and the smell of salt invading my nostrils. The beach is warm, with a captivating view, and has pure peace. The beach is where my problems and stressed are released, where nothing goes wrong, it all just fades away along with the sunset.The struggle to open ten pound eyelids after a nap leaving you drooling and wanting more especially for what feels like the worst day is the worst possible feeling, and to the most irritating ringing noise makes it even harder. Once you remember the reason for this makes you eager to wake up quicker than realizing you have five minutes to get to school, and school is a fifteen minute drive. Stepping out of the bed to feel the unforgiving wood under my feet, t ip toing as if waling on ice, my body soon got used to floor. In search of a black and white bikini this room has become the aftermath of a tornado.In the middle of the disaster something sticks out at the corner and see there lies the bikini. Attempting to rush out of the house the clock tells there is still enough time till sunset. Throwing on shorts over the bikini and a black hoodie, trying to balance an apple in my mouth with keys entwined with my fingers, and hopping on one foot trying to force a shoe onto the wrong foot. Finally, making it to the car and putting the keys in the ignitions the car roars to life, beginning the ten minute drive down Sunset Blvd.  which is quick.A smile begins to erupt my face when the view of the ocean is seen, then pulling up to the perfect parking spot in view of the ocean. The chaos and failures of today begin to fade and the peace begins. Getting out of the car the sun’s rays instantly hits my eyes indicating she is getting ready to leave. Looking on the phone it reads six-thirty, the sunsets today at six forty-eight, having almost only thirty minutes before she goes to enjoy alone to have with her.Taking off my shoes so sand will have no chance at irritating my feet later, the warm beady sand gets in-between my toes sending them cozy vibration, along with the smell of the sea invading my nostrils. Walking in search for a seat, my eyes spot children running alongside each other playing and building castles, while couples stroll along the waves that invade their toes every eight seconds. While walking you can see their footprints imprinted into the sand temporarily before being taken back by the ocean. Laying a plaid red blanket so sand will not creep into my clothes, my body collapse onto the sand.Pulling my knees to my chest and laying my head onto my knees and begin to let all the stress and negative energy flow gently with the wind capturing them like a dream catchier sending them off to be killed by the sun ’s rays. Closing my eyes envisioning at this moment the beach reminding me of a sweet grandmother, there is no need for speaking because she already seen and felt the pain from past experiences that mom and dad had forgotten. When you cry she gently wipes away and tells you stories from her past mistakes so you feel like someone understands and makes you laugh at her past altercations.When you have anger she shows you peace with a simple smile that warms the heart. Opening my eyes and hear again the beautiful sound of giggles coming from children running along the sand with the waves violating the shores, and seagull’s scavenger hunting for their next meal. Soon people begin to sit in their towels or blankets holding each other smiling and laughing, all comes to a halt when the sun begins to return to rise in her new home, but not before she leaves us all with a breathtaking view of her heart that holds us prisoner till she finally leaves.What seems like hours the stre et lights finally begin to flicker on, and that is when everyone begins to pack their belongings to leave yet another beautiful sunset at a California beach. Packing my belongings and taking one final glance of where once shined a light of pure passion and serenity, a smile again tugs on my lips to remember that feeling of getting a gift. A gift to which that is imprinted into my memory till my death bed. Putting my belongings in my car a thought pops in my head.That everyone has their place of peace where nothing can go wrong, where you can smile for no reason but for the memories that no camera could capture, and to unwind and surrender to a place of tranquility, for some it is home or their mind, but for me it is the beach. The atmosphere the beach has from the weather, the feeling, and the view is what draws one in like a melody. The weather ever so warm with a gentle breeze that blows hair like a blow dryer on cool. The feeling of pure peace and serenity, having a full body cle anse from all the negative energy.Then a view that can captivate any onlooker’s eyes, like an angel falling out of the heavens to disappear as if nothing happened. Putting instant memories with family and friends like a video tape in a VCR replaying the laughs and smiles. The beach can always leave you with a smile on anyone’s face no matter the stress or torment the dealt with that day. The beach is like a gift; something given voluntarily without payment in return, as to show favor toward someone, honor an occasion, or make a gesture of assistance; present. It might not be in your hands but it can always be felt, and never seems to fail at satisfying.

IPad's Security Breach Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

IPad's Security Breach - Assignment Example Nonetheless, data associated with online e-commerce transactions and credit cards was available on the data servers that but not linked to the website. Similarly, many applicants have applied for recent job openings at the studio, their resumes were also stolen, revealing educational background, home address and contact numbers. However, the organization claimed that only email addresses are stolen. The companies accounted that only email addresses are stolen. However, the organization declared that the security of the website was most updated. The concerned personnel of the organization stated, â€Å"We take the security of our websites extremely seriously and employ strict measures, which we test regularly, to guard against this sort of incident† (Square enix: 25,000 email addresses taken in deus ex website hack). The statement given by the concerned personnel of the organization was not credible as the security breach clearly demonstrated loopholes in their security archite cture. One more incident related to website hacking took place in which some particular areas of the website were breached. The name of the website was daily Telegraph. It was hacked by Romanian hackers. Moreover, the areas that were hacked includes pages named as ‘Short Breaks’ and ‘Wine and Dine’ correspondingly. The methodology and technology that was used to attack the site was not found. A researcher named as Chris Boyd illustrated description of the pages that were hacked. The contents of the page were â€Å"sick of seeing garbage like this †¦ calling us Romanians gypsies† (Daily telegraph website hacked by aggrieved romanians). The survey concluded and justified the real world factors related to website hacking as it has its own place in the field of hacking. In order to protect websites from vulnerabilities and threats, security measures are required. Moreover, websites providing e-commerce services are even more vulnerable and require m ost updated security controls in place. 2 Ethics Statement Hacking is related to explore a security flaw that has not been addresses before. Generally, information security professionals take hacking as a concept of stealing and destroying data or any incident related to criminal activities. However, hacking illustrates brilliance of an individual to demonstrate his knowledge on the network domain as well as on the application domain. All the critical inventions associated with information security are evaluated due to hacking attacks (Introduction to computer ethics). One part of accepting hacking as a good cause is to strengthen the security architecture, but on the other hand, hacking has the capacity to facilitate individuals to steal highly confidential information from servers located in organization as well as stealing funds by credit cards and bank account. Hacking ethics are important for an organization to address. As Stephen Levy from the MIT department and Stanford, illu strated factors related to ethical hacking, which are as follows (Introduction to computer ethics): ‘Administrative access’ must be granted to every network resource, computing device and nodes. There will be no restrictions for accessing any kind of information from or within the network along with free of cost. There will be no ‘file access security’ framework and full privileges must be given for accessing centralized

Ancient History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ancient History - Essay Example This study aptly discusses the male mistreatment such as verbal and physical mistreatment of Medea and Lucretia, two outstanding classical mythical female figures. There are various factors that account for the differences in responses by the two women. Below are factors that lead to Medea murdering Glauce the new bride and her children. To begin with Medea was a foreigner, and a barbarian which did not mean much to her Greek husband Jason. Medea’s husband could not refuse the opportunity to wed the king’s daughter Glauce, thus, emotionally ill-treated Medea by rejecting and verbally abusing her. Medea rings a bell to Jason for having left her people to stay with him. Lucretia was a virtuous woman, and could not tolerate the humiliation of being a rape prey. Lucretia killed herself to testify her purity of being raped by Sexton Tarquinius. She kills herself to illicit sympathy, and ensures that revenge was accorded to her. She deems that no good can transpire to a woman without any reputation. She might have killed herself to uphold her honour and stand up against men as a woman in a male dominated period. Sexton physically abused Lucretia by raping her, and treated her with hostility by threatening to kill her (Langlands, 87). The two women reacted on inferior treatment by men in their individual countries. Medea’s response of having reprisal on her husband is not for the greater interest of all the women in Greece, but for her own painful revenge on her husband. Medea is a temperamental woman who can not endure the jealousy, and anger after her husband tells her that he would make her his mistress. This shows men dominance, since he betrayed her subsequent to her forfeiting everything as well as killing her brother, and leaving her country for him. Her reaction is, therefore, mainly personal. Lucretia’s death is not retribution it is an act of sacrifice for social justice. Instead of revenging her rape she decides to bring the

Written analysis of a qualitative research report to determine the Essay

Written analysis of a qualitative research report to determine the validity of the study - Essay Example effectiveness and implementation of these programs two actors are stated: the tight school schedule and differences in the opinions of the different stakeholders (teachers, parents, adolescents etc.) which is actually the subject of research in this study. However it is not stated and there is no reference to find if the main question analyzed in the study is formulated based on a previous research or based on a personal perception of the authors of the study. Authors state that the question they analyze in the study is â€Å"at least† one of the two factors that are barriers for implementing the current recommendations for reducing adolescent obesity, but nevertheless we don’t have information’s about the importance of this question based on a previous research. Nevertheless the literature listed as reference to the text is relevant and we have access to previous research and studies that were done on the subject of adolescent obesity specifically in Switzerland (Zimmermann et al. 2004). The problem with adolescent obesity is supported by well designed and relevant studies. Also the method of qualitative approach is stated as appropriate for the type of the research conducted in this study. This statement is also referenced with relevant publications which elaborate why this approach is most suited for this study (Krueger 1994) (Kitzinger 1995). Nevertheless we can’t understand the importance of the question analyzed in this study (different views and perceptions of all the stakeholders) based on the references stated in the study, but only as personal view of the researcher that this question is one of the most important in understanding the problem. There are studies however that imply the importance of integrated approach of all s takeholders in implementing programs for reducing adolescent obesity (Lynne et al. 2010). Medical educators and nurses working in the schools have important function in identifying the problem of adolescent obesity and

EFFECTS OF NEW MEDIA ON AGENDA SETING & FRAMING Essay

EFFECTS OF NEW MEDIA ON AGENDA SETING & FRAMING - Essay Example With the help of Aljazeera, a local network, the issue was known around the world despite the great pressure placed on it by the government. What the new media does to agenda setting and framing is a concern where not only the elite are considered but includes the public because of their opinion created through the suggestions made through news reports. It is said that media forms the ideas or pictures in the minds of viewers about an issue through the absence or presence of agenda setting and framing as they serve as gatekeepers to what can be published, sifting what will be emphasized or not, what will be given importance or less discussed (Scheufele & Tewksbury, McCombs). The choice of headlines also affect the opinions formed in the minds of readers and viewers as such matters give great impacts on what is to search further or what could be disregarded. In addition, the frequency of the news item also affects what is given importance or not in the field of media reporting, encour aging people to think a frequently published issue is important while a subject matter placed at the back of a newspaper with a very short caption says it is of less significance. Framing and agenda setting both work together hand in hand to paint the desired picture in readers or viewers, letting them decide on what has already been decided by the media. For instance, in the case of the Egyptian revolution on January, 2011, the desire to dethrone President Hosni Mubarak from his three decade-reign might have been a predetermined objective in the breaking of the news. This got the attention of people all around the world including the president of the United States who offered his request of resignation to the strong man of Egypt. Protesters felt strengthened with the overwhelming hostility against the Egyptian president so that they resolved to fight for their freedom despite the fear brought by the administration in imprisoning key people involved in the protests (BBC News). Altho ugh internet and phone services were greatly interrupted in the attempt to minimize if not stop the protests, help came through alternative media, pioneered by Aljazeera (Zeynalov). In Conclusion, the issues brought into a decision the situation in Egypt through what was magnified through the media picturing how new media along with alternative media affect public opinion and policy agenda which in turn gets back to dictating media agenda. The overlapping effects of these aspects affected by media finds its cause in the initial objective set through what is published. References n.a. Egypt Protests Escalate in Cairo, Suez and Other Cities. BBC News Middle East. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12303564 McCombs, Maxwell. n.d. The Agenda-Setting Role of the Mass Media in the Shaping of Public Opinion. Retrieved from http://www.infoamerica.org/documentos_pdf/mccombs01.pdf Scheufele, Dietram A and David Tewkbury. 2007. Framing, Agenda Setting, and Priming: The Evolution of Three Media Effects Models. Journal of Communication. Retrieved from

Chinese students learning strategies in EFL and in ESL Essay

Chinese students learning strategies in EFL and in ESL - Essay Example The second strategy that students use in learning EFL is communicative strategies. Qiumei (n.d) highlights that communicative strategies are deliberate efforts by the students to decode or express the meaning in a language and in circumstances where the language rules have not been identified. Some of the communicative strategies that they use include avoiding and adjustment of a message, paraphrasing, approximations, asking for help, repetition, classifications etc. Teachers in this strategy help the students in learning EFL because the students refer to them when they want to ask questions about the language. Alliance for Excellence Education (2005) points out that this method is known as guided interaction because students work together with teachers in order to understand the language. In addition, another strategy used by students in EFL in China, is discussions; therefore, to understand the language better, the students form discussion groups where the teachers assist them and other students to understand English language. Qiumei (n.d) highlights that this method allow students to participate in discussions of meanings so that they can comprehend messages and this help them to learn and acquire the language. Chinese students who join tertiary institutions in Australia have difficulties in learning English as a second language. Thus, due to the difficulty in communication, they employ various strategies in Australian context to understand English as a Second language (ESL). Some of the main strategies include cognitive, metacognitive, social and affective strategies (Samida, 2006). Further, these strategies can be used universally by new students in any country globally because they are equally applicable. The first strategy is the cognitive strategy, and it involves transforming the English language through repeating, analyzing and summarizing messages (Samida, 2006). The

Information Technology Analysis Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Information Technology Analysis - Term Paper Example According to Information Systems Audit and Control Association (ISACA) the five major components of IM / IT governance are:strategic alignment, value delivery, resource management, risk management and performance measurement (ISACA, 2009). Strategic alignment: In a health care organization,suppose a hospital, strategic alignment is when the corporate business goals of the hospital and its departmental or functional goals are aligned with each other. More specifically to achieve strategic alignment, what the top management has to work upon is making a set of attainable goals and objectives and communicate them to all the subordinate department heads so that the narrowed down departmental operational goals are aligned with the more broader corporate ones. As a result when IT operations help to achieve the hospital’s overall desired strategic goals, whether they are providing best quality healthcare services to patients, maintaining healthy hospital environment, providing fast an d efficient healthcare services, etc., the health care quality to the end customer (patients) will be improved. Value delivery: Values are the organization’s fundamental underlying aims and goals based on which the IT strategies, policies and plans are structured so that best possible decisions can be made to guide operations. IT governance delivers maximum value and improves healthcare quality when while making an IT based decision, the alternative with higher value is chosen. For example, one decision might increase customer satisfaction; the second alternative decision might increase hospital’s revenue while the third might increase both. Logically, the third alternative should be opted for, so quality is improved with best value delivery. Value delivery is contingent to management’s decision making. Resource management: It is quite obvious that IT departments or projects require a reasonable amount of resource investment including human resources, capital, t ime, space, etc. IT governance involves managing resources and making intelligent decisions so that the quality of health care is improved with optimum resource allocation i.e. getting maximum value from resources allocated at lowest cost so that healthcare is improved (Weill & Olson, 1989). Risk management: Risk in IT governance has three levels: innovation, agile execution and cost efficiency (Mueller et al, 2008). For an IT decision to be at its least risk so that healthcare is improved the most effective level is cost efficiency because on the scale of risk versus time elapsed, cost efficiency is when the IT decision bears least risk as compared to the other two levels. Although, it is to be noted that for every new IT project in any healthcare organization the risk level is highest if the idea is supposed to bring a strikingly abrupt change initiative. For example: shiftinga hospital’s completely manual patient-file-system to an enterprise databasewill drastically improv e healthcare quality but will have high risk involved. Again, it is the management’s decision that evaluates value versus feasibility. The best decision is then, the one that maximizes value and improves healthcare quality minimizing risk to the least. Performance measurement: IT governance improves quality of healthcare when appropriate performance measures are used to evaluate whether the

INTRODUCING HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

INTRODUCING HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE - Essay Example The demographics indicate that most of the children born to teenagers end up been aborted; over half of the children born to teenagers under the age of 18 years. Barking and Dagenham faces a huge challenge in terms of sexual and reproductive health. Teenage pregnancy is a social issue, and it needs both health and social care, evidence indicate that the children born to teenage mothers are likely to experience some very negative outcomes later in their life stages. This children are likely to take the place of their parents and became teenage parents themselves, which seems to be a perpetuating issue where teenage parenthood is moved from one generation to the other. One of the negative effects of teenage pregnancy is the fact that it is both a contributory factor to poverty and is also an outcome of child poverty. Barking and Dagenham is an area where their rate of unemployment is very high and the region is can be described as a poor area, this explains why teenagers from this areas are likely to get pregnant more than other teenagers in more affluent areas. There are numerous challenges that women who conceive during their teenage-hood face during their lives. One of the major challenges is that most of them are not able to complete school, and their education dream is shattered. Lack of completing their education will make them not to gain access to proper job opportunities, and their life chances of themselves and their kids are ruined. Research has also indicated that they are likely to partner with men who are not employed and re poorly qualified. The poverty vicious cycles seem to be endless for the teenagers who conceive in this stage. Those who conceive beyond their teens are likely to complete their education and are likely to partner with men who are determined and are well off. Health is also another big concern in teenage pregnancy; they are likely to suffer poorer health. Their

Character Analysis Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Character Analysis Paper - Essay Example They wear leather jacks, drink gin and grape juice in order to give the appearance of a cool group of buys. However, in the end, the insecurities and fear of Digby is brought forward as he is unable to maintain his cool in a dire situation. From the interaction between the group, it seems quite clear that Digby is the untold leader of the group. It is Digby who instigates the group in getting into rebellious situations. For instance, it was Digby who pointed the blue car to the narrator. Rather than collaborating with his friends, he took over the situation in a manner that an unofficial leader would take. It was not Digby who was driving the car but rather the narrator because the narrator owned the car. Digby was sitting in the passenger seat right beside the narrator. His position in the car also points towards his role in the group. He was happy to let the narrator ride the car but he placed himself in a position where he could control the car. He did this when started fighting for the wheel and leaned over the horn. He even instructed the narrator to turn on the flashlights (Boyle, 1985). Digbys character is dynamic because it changes at the end of the story. From being a cool boy, Digby evolves into a scared one. Digbys attitude at the beginning of the story was one of nonchalance. He was living a life where he derived fun at others stake. However, when he is beaten up by the man in the blue car, he is scared. Digby did fight with the man initially but realized that he was not strong enough to beat the man. Therefore he ran away from fear. He, like his friends, hid on the other side of lake for the entire night only out of fear. Even when he did get on in the morning, he was in a hurry to get back. The offer of drugs by a beautiful girl did not persuade him to stay. In many ways, Digby is quite like the young teenagers. They may appear to be cool from the outside but inside they are

Ownership of Two Contrasting Businesses Essay Example for Free

Ownership of Two Contrasting Businesses Essay Asda is the second largest retailer in the UK, and it has been the largest subsidiary of the Wal-Mart family of companies since 1999. The UKs supermarket sector has also become more competitive. This contest between retailers in the marketplace helps to keep prices down. It also makes sure that organisations always produce and sell the goods that consumers really want. Asda is engaged in food, clothes, electronic and furniture selling. Consumers like price competition, as it means they can buy goods at low prices and save money. Asda is a large national company that makes a profit and it is private as well. Asda has a limited liability which means that they might lose the money they have invested in a business. This company is an incorporated business and it is also a public limited company. The main aims and objectives of Asda are: †¢To provide goods and services that is cheap and affordable to consumers to the public, to reduce the cost †¢To recycling their waste †¢To supporting voluntary services Oxfam is a small not-for-profit organisation and it is a global company because it operates in countries around the world. It is owned by Oxfam Trading Limited Companies and it is in private sector. The main aims and objective of this company are: †¢To Aid third world countries in any way they can †¢To relieve poverty, distress and suffering †¢To educate people about the nature, causes and effects if poverty †¢To campaign for a fairer world †¢To encourage western nations to supply aid to third world countries.

Different Raster Systems With Resolutions

Different Raster Systems With Resolutions Consider three different raster systems with resolutiuns of 640 by 480, 1280 by 1024, and 2560 by 2048. What size frame buffer in bytes is needed for each of these systems to store 12 bits per pixel? How, much storage: is required for each system if 24 bits per pixel are to be stored? Solution:- For 12 bits per pixel:- Frame buffer size=640* 480*12=3686400/8=460800bytes Frame buffer size=1280*1024*12=15728640/8=1966080 bytes Frame buffer size=2560*2048*12=62914560/8=7864320 bytes For 24 bits per pixel:- Frame buffer size=640*480*24=7372800/8 =921600bytes Frame buffer size=1280*1024*24=31457280bits=3932160 bytes Frame buffer size=2560*2048*24=125829120 bits=15728640 bytes Suppose an RGB raster system is to be designed using an 8-inch by 10-inch screen with a resolution of 100 pixels per inch in each direction. If we want to store 6 bits per pixel in the frame buffer, how much storage ( in bytes ) do we need for the frame buffer? Storage to store 6 bits per pixels=8*10*100*6=6000bytes How long would it take to load a 640 by 480 frame buffer with 12 bits per pixel, if lo5 bits can be transferred per second! How long would it take to load a 24-bit per pixel frame buffer with a resolution of 1280 by 1024 using this same transfer rate? For 12 bits per pixel:- Time taken=640*480*12=(3686400)/10^5=36.864 second For 24 bits per pixel:- Time taken=(1280*1024*24)/10^5=314.57second Consider two raster systems with resolutions of 640 by 480 and 1280 by 1024. How many pixels could be accessed per second in each of these systems by a display controller that refreshes the screen at a rate of 60 frames per second? What is the access time per pixel in each system? For resolution 640 by 480 Total pixels=640*480*60=18432000 pixels Time taken=1/18432000=5.425*10^-8 seconds For resolution 1280 by 1024 Total pixels =1280*1024*60=78643200 pixels Time taken =1/78643200=1.27*10^-8 seconds How much time is spent scanning across each row of pixels during screen refresh on a raster system with a resolution of 1280 by 1024 and refresh rate of 60 frames per second? 1024*60=61440rows Time taken =1/61440=1.628^-5seconds Section B Wide-Screen displays Widescreen usually refers to the aspect ratio of an image. In general terms, most images are considered to be in widescreen format when they have an aspect ratio larger than 4:3. When talking about widescreen, generally, most people are referring to the aspect ratio or shape of their TV set, monitor or digital image. One of the best ways to understand widescreen is to compare it with the most common type of aspect ratio, 4:3 which is the aspect ratio or shape of a standard TV set. A standard TV set is pretty much boxy in shape. The aspect ratio is 4:3, this means that the TV screen is 4 times wide by three times high. Because this ratio is almost equal to each other, it is considered similar to a box or square. A perfect square would be 4:4, which is really a ratio that is to 1:1. So now that we know that a standard TV is boxy or squares in shape having an aspect ratio of 4:3, widescreen formats usually have 16:9, a much more rectangular shape. A rectangular is a much more natural looking image. When the human eye sees the world, it does not see a box, but mainly a panorama image. We might focus our attention on a square shape in front of us, but there is a lot more visual information that our peripheral vision picks up. 16:9 aspect ratio is considered widescreen format and is much more natural to view. Most cinematic films are an aspect ratio of 16:9, so they can be viewed easily on a widescreen TV or monitor. You might not have realized that when you watch a movie on your standard TV that has an aspect ratio of 4:3, part of the sides of the movie are cut off or cropped. When you watch a movie on a widescreen, you are able to see the entire picture without any cropping. Sometimes widescreen is referred to by the term letterbox meaning a rectangular shape. Wide screen TV:- When television was introduced and for many years since then the aspect ratio was 4:3. The original standard aspect ratio for films was 4:3 , the adoption of the Academy ratio 1932 brought a slight change to a 1.37 aspect ratio. Material which was originally widescreen (e.g., Cinemascope films) were often transmitted with the sides truncated, using a technique called pan and scan. The introduction of a wider television format was met with some resistance within the film industry, but eventually became the norm. In Europe the PAL TV format, with its higher number of visible screen lines means that the low horizontal resolution associated with showing un cropped widescreen movies on TV is not as bad There is even an extension to PAL, called PAL plus, which allows specially equipped receivers to receive a PAL picture as true 16:9 with full 576 lines of vertical resolution, provided the stations employ the same system. Standard PAL receivers will receive such a broadcast as a 16:9 image letterboxed to 4:3, with a small amount of color noise in the black bars; this noise is actually the additional lines which are hidden inside the color signal. This system has no equivalent in analog NTSC broadcasting. Despite the existence of PALplus and support for widescreen in the DVB-based digital satellite, terrestrial and cable broadcasts in use across Europe, only Belgium, Ireland, the Netherlands, Austria, Germany, Scandinavia and the UK have taken up widescreen at any great rate, with over half of all widescreen channels available by satellite in Europe targeting those areas. 16:9 TV displays have come into wide use. They are typically used in conjunction with Digital, High-Definition Television (HDTV) receivers, or Standard-Definition DVD players and other digital television sources. Digital material is provided to widescreen TVs either in high-definition format, which is natively 16:9 , or as an anamorphically-compressedstandard-definition picture. Typically, devices decoding Digital Standard-Definition pictures can be programmed to provide anamorphic widescreen formatting, for 16:9 sets, and formatting for 4:3 sets. Pan-and-scan mode can be used on 4:3 if the producers of the material have included the necessary panning data; if this data is absent, letterboxing or centre cut-out is used. HD DVD and Blu-ray disc players were introduced in 2006. Toshiba ceased production of HD DVD players in early 2008 after key defections from the HD DVD camp damaged the viability of the format. As of 2010 it still remains to be seen whether Blu-ray will stimulate the sales of HD pre-recorded films on disc, and more HD monitors and tuners. Consumer camcorders are also available in HD-video format at fairly low prices. These developments will result in more options for viewing widescreen images on television monitors. Widescreen Computer Displays Computer displays with aspect ratios wider than 4:3 are also called widescreen. Widescreen computer displays are mainly intended for computers used, at least sometimes, to display entertainment; data processing tends to use 4:3. Widescreen computer displays are typically of the 1.6 (8:5, typically written as 16:10) aspect ratio. True widescreen (16:9) monitors can be found in resolutions of 1024576, 1152648, 1280720, 1600900, and 19201080. Apples 27 iMac introduced a new 16:9 resolution: 25601440 in late 2009. By 2010 many manufacturers had practically abandoned the older 4:3 format, instead opting to manufacture 16:10 models, and lately, even shorter 16:9 displays. Suitability for applications Since many modern DVDs and some TV shows are in a widescreen format, widescreen displays are optimal for their playback on a computer. 16:9 material on a 16:10 display will be letterboxed, but only slightly. However, when screen width is not an issue, as in data processing or viewing 4:3 entertainment material such as older films and digitalphotographs, the sides of the widescreen image may be wasted, although it can be useful to display two or more windows side-by-side.. Most non-linear digital video editing software benefits more from horizontal space than from vertical space. However, for data processing many computer programs often have many toolbars and other information such as status bars, headers, and tabs, which require vertical space. In such cases the additional width is unwanted; on a computer used only for data-processing the additional screen area is better dedicated to a larger 4:3 screen. When displaying a document or ebook, two pages can be displayed side by side on a wide screen, or two documents compared. If a desktop monitor supports it, a whole single page of a book or document can be displayed on a rotated portrait-oriented screen. A very few computer games, including the first few Command Conquer games, run at a native 640400 resolution, making them exceptionally well-suited to 8:5 monitors. A slightly larger number, including Doom 3, can be set to either widescreen or full screen (4:3), with the widescreen options offering wider horizontal fields of view without sacrificing vertical FOV. However, most computer games are not designed for optimum effect on a widescreen display, being stretched unnaturally, not filling the screen, or letterboxed. Older laptop computers with a pointing device that did not take up space such as a pointing stick (Trackpoint) or trackball attached to the side of the machine could accommodate a keyboard which matched a 16:9 screen well. The use of touchpads, which require a lot of space below the keyboard, and the removal of keys such as the Numeric keypad more accurately matches the 4:3 ratio of a screen found on smaller net books and laptops. Widescreen Notebook Displays The earliest instance of the widescreen display being installed inside a notebook computer can be traced back to the Sony C1 which displayed a resolution of just 800 x 480. Widescreens made their official entrance in PC notebooks in 2003, although Apple preceded this by offering the 15 widescreen Power Mac. In 2005, the popularity of widescreen notebooks reached a new high with the unveiling of the Thinkpad widescreen Z60 series notebooks. Sonys pioneering widescreen VAIO C1 notebook The question is: Is the widescreen format for everybody? A big part of the answer will depend on what a widescreen notebook or monitor is used to do. Here are some considerations that might help with your decision: 1. Widescreen Notebooks The length and width of a widescreen notebooks screen set it apart from the standard notebook. The average notebook uses an aspect ratio of 4:3 and a resolution of 1024 x 768 pixels. The widescreen notebook breaks with tradition and increases screen size 25% lengthwise for proportions equal to that of the cinema screen or a widescreen LCD TV. 2. Widescreen Display Sizes The Sony C1 may have started it all, but it is by now considered only as a small-sized widescreen notebook, which is anything below 12.1. Currently on offer are 8.9, 10.6, 11.1, 12.1, 13.3, 14, 15.4, and 17 display sizes, with 19 products reportedly in the pipeline. 3. Widescreen Resolutions and their Corresponding Aspect Ratios Here are the common resolutions found in widescreen displays: 800 x 480 Representing an aspect ratio of 10:6, it was seen first in the Sony C1 notebook computer. Although this resolution is very low by todays standards, it was still quite acceptable compared to the 800 x 600 (4:3) resolutions of the time. Although the C1s screen measured only 8.9, it came as a part of the C1s delightfully tight packaging and superb portability. Currently, displays of this resolution are rarely available. 1024 x 600 Also having an aspect ratio of 10:6, it is meant to challenge the mainstream screen with 1024 x 768 resolution. 1280x 768 1280800 The 1280 x 768 resolution representing an aspect ratio of 16:9.5 and the 1280 x 800 resolution representing 16:10 respectively; these are the two most common resolutions used in contemporary 10.6, 12.1, 13.3, 14, 15.4 widescreen displays and can be considered entry-level for widescreen notebook computers. They provide about a 25% increase in onscreen content compared to screens displaying resolutions of 1024 x 768. 1280 x 854 This resolution (16:10.5) was used first in the 15.4 Power Mac notebook computer and adopted later by a limited number of other PC notebooks (mostly sized 154). This resolution has fallen out of favor in recent times. 1366 x 768 This resolution provides a perfect 16:9 aspect ratio and a perfect home for DVD movies and no more annoying black bands above and below the picture. It is currently available in the 11.1 VAIO Type TX widescreen notebook. 1440 x 900 This resolution (16:10) is found in 17 notebooks only, and is positioned as entry level in 17 widescreen notebooks. 1680 x 1050 This is currently the mainstream resolution (also 16:10) for 17 widescreen notebook computer displays. Users will experience a 35% increase in onscreen content compared to the normal 17 screen displaying a resolution of 1280 x 1024. 1920 x 1200 This is the pinnacle for current 17 widescreen notebook displays, and provides a 75% increase in onscreen content when compared to a normal 17 screen of 1280 x 1024 resolution. The resolution is a perfect fit for 1080p and 1080i (1920 x 1080 16:9) HDTV. 4. Benefits of the Widescreen When used for entertainment, a widescreen display is in its element when showing widescreen DVD movies in their intended 16:9 aspect ratio. This means a bigger picture more comfort and less wasted space (less or no black bands on either side of the picture). The widescreen display also makes it easier to edit and view panoramic images and may eliminate troublesome horizontal scrolling altogether. Comparison of different resolutions Another benefit of the widescreen display is evident when it comes to serious work the ability to display two windows side by side and to drag and drop (or copy n paste) data without having to switch between them is priceless. 5. Is the Widescreen Display Perfect? Weve covered a lot of the widescreen displays positive points, but that doesnt mean that there are no drawbacks. Here are some of them: a. The first and most obvious drawback is price, with the widescreen display being quite a bit pricier than the corresponding 4:3 display This is also the reason why widescreen displays are so ubiquitously absent at the entry level price points, though the gap is getting closer. b. The next problem is an issue of mobility, although this really points to notebook sizes 15 and above. It does depend, however, on the design philosophy of the manufacturer some use the desktop replacement mentality and cause their products to be quite large in size and therefore heavier as well. c. Compatibility with applications especially games may be an issue as many games are programmed to be displayed in 4:3 aspect ratio. Depending on your settings, you will experience black bands to the sides of the image, or you may try and stretch the image, which will look uncomfortable in any case. Certainly more and more, if not all, games today are compatible with widescreen display Latest development in widescreen display: Widescreen LCD displays: Barcos LC series of High-Resolution LCD displays has been specifically designed for use in a wide variety of professional applications. The LC family presents crisp, clear and color-accurate images on 42, 47 and 56 screen sizes. Dedicated versions with HD-SDI inputs are available. Featuring some of the most advanced LCD technology available today, Barcos LC series stands for the ultimate in detail. The LC series consists of a 42 and 47 display in native full high definition (19201080 pixels) and a 56 display in quad full high definition (38402160 pixels). Benefits: High brightness High contrast, even in high ambient light environments High resolution and pixel density Frame lock and gunlock functionality Low power consumption Long lifetime Technology used: Plasma screen technology LED technology CRT (cathode ray tube) LCD Plasma screen technology: Flat panel plasma display is the latest display technology and the best way to achieve displays with excellent image quality and large, flat screen sizes that are easily viewable in any environment. Plasma panels are an array of cells, known as pixels, which are composed of three sub pixels, corresponding to the colors red, green, and blue. Gas in the plasma state is used to react with phosphors in each sub pixel to produce colored light (red, green, or blue). These phosphors are the same types used in cathode ray tube (CRT) devices such as televisions and standard computer monitors. You get the rich dynamic colors that you expect. Each sub pixel is individually controlled by advanced electronics to produce over 16 million different colors. All of this means that you get perfect images that are easily viewable in a display that is less than six inches thick. LED technology : There are many consumer advantages to LEDs over incandescent or fluorescent light bulbs. LED lights consume much less energy. They are 300 percent more efficient than a compact fluorescent light (CFL), and 1,000 percent more efficient than an incandescent bulb. They have a very long life, about 50,000 hours of use at 70 percent of their original power. (LEDs dont burn out or flicker, they simply fade.) This works out to eight hours a day for 13 years at 70 percent power. A typical 60-watt incandescent bulb may last about 1,000 hours. LED lighting contains no mercury or other toxins. LEDs emit no ultra violet (UV) light, so they dont attract bugs. They dont generate heat, so they are cool to the touch. They dont generate radio frequency waves, so they dont interfere with radios or television broadcasts. They also are resistant to vibrations and shocks. CRT (cathode ray tube): The Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) is a vacuum tube containing an electron gun (a source of electrons) and a fluorescent screen, with internal or external means to accelerate and deflect the electron beam, used to create images in the form of light emitted from the fluorescent screen. The image may represent electrical waveforms (oscilloscope), pictures (television, computer monitor), radar targets and others.The CRT uses an evacuated glass envelope which is large, deep, heavy, and relatively fragile. LCD (Liquid-crystal display): Liquid-crystal display televisions (LCD TV) are television sets that use LCD technology to produce images. LCD televisions are thinner and lighter than CRTs of similar display size, and are available in much larger sizes. This combination of features made LCDs more practical than CRTs for many roles, and as manufacturing costs fell, their eventual dominance of the television market was all but guaranteed. In 2007, LCD televisions surpassed sales of CRT-based televisions worldwide for the first time, and their sales figures relative to other technologies are accelerating. LCD TVs are quickly displacing the only major competitors in the large-screen market, the plasma display panel and rear-projection television. LCDs are, by far, the most widely produced and sold television technology today, pushing all other technologies into niche roles .